Module 1 - The History And Scope Of Psychology

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

Is the twofold view that (a) k i elders comes from experience via the senses (rather than being inborn), and (b) observation and experimentation are the basis of science

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Introduced by Edward Bradford Titchener; is the early school of psychology that used self-reflection (introspection) to examine the elemental structure of the mind

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

Introduced by William James; is the early school of psychology that emphasized how behavior and mental processes enabled the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 4

Humanistic psychology

Answer 4

Is the branch of psychology that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Question 5

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 5

Controversy over the relative contributions that genes (nature) and experience (nurture) make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

Is the principle that those traits of a species that contribute to reproduction and survival are most likely to be passed on to proceeding generations

Question 7

Levels of analysis

Answer 7

Psychologists analyze behavior and mental processes from differing complementary views

Question 8

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 8

Is an integrated perspective that focuses on biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis for a given behavior or mental process

Question 9

Basic research

Answer 9

Is pure science that aims to increase psychology’s scientific knowledge base rather than to solve practical problems

Question 10

Applied research

Answer 10

Is scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 11

Counseling psychology

Answer 11

Is the branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges in their daily lives

Question 12

Clinical psychology

Answer 12

Is the branch of psychology concerned with the study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological disorders

Question 13

Psychiatry

Answer 13

Is the branch of medicine concerned with the physical diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 14

Psychology

Answer 14

Is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes