Module 3: Reactive Chemistry Flashcards
What does incomplete combustion mean?
C or CO2 is formed rather than CO2 in complete combustion
What do decomposition reactions require?
energy (light, heat, electrical), endothermic
What does an acid and metal make?
A metal salt and hydrogen gas
What does an acid and carbonate make?
A metal salt, carbon dioxide and water
What does an acid and base make?
A metal salt and water (neutralisation)
What ions are always soluble?
Group 1, nitrates and most chlorides
What are examples of double displacement reactions?
Neutralisation and precipitation reactions
How can we determine the products of displacement reactions?
The less reactive metal will be displaced
What reactions make cycad fruit safe to eat?
Physical separation, heating to decompose toxins, and immersion in water to ferment
Which metals react with room temperature water?
The first four on the activity series
Which metals react with steam at elevated temperatures?
5-8 of the activity series
What does a metal and water reaction produce?
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Which metals do not react with dilute acid?
Gold, silver, platinum and copper
Why does the reactivity of metals generally increases as their ionisation energy decreases?
The lower the ionisation energy the easier it is for the atom to lose one or more electrons and so form a
positive ion. This is what the metals are doing in their reactions with water, hydrogen ion, oxygen and
the cation of another metal − hence the strong correlation between reactivity and ionisation energy.
what is inversely correlated to reactivity?
Electronegativity
How do you write an overall cell equation?
Make the amounts of electrons equal, then rewrite the equations as one (each side of the arrow stays the same) without the electrons.
What is the oxidation state of an element?
0 (aside from formation)
What is the oxidation state of a monoatomic ion? (e.g. Na)
Its charge
What is the oxidation state of fluorine?
-1
What is the oxidation state of hydrogen?
+1
What is the oxidation state of hydrogen?
+1
The total of oxidation numbers must equal the ____ of the molecule
charge
What is an electrolyte?
The solutions in galvanic cells which in the molten state conducts electricity.
A redox reaction is spontaneous (without a source of energy) if the cell voltage is:
Positive
