Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter

Question 1

How is gravimetric analysis calculated?

Answer 1

element/total x 100

Question 2

How can you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 2

subtract protons from mass

Question 3

How can relative atomic mass be calculated?

Answer 3

(mass x abundance) + (mass x abundance) + ….
/ 100 %

Question 4

What does alpha decay emit?

Answer 4

4/2 He

Question 5

What does beta decay emit?

Answer 5

0/-1 e-

Question 6

How can spdf notation be found?

Answer 6

Question 7

How many electrons do the s, p, d and f subshells have?

Answer 7

2, 6, 10, 14

Question 8

How can you remember periodic table trends?

Answer 8

A&M likes to stand at football games: atomic radius and metallic character (largest at bottom left)
EINstein likes to do headstands: electronegativity, ionisation energy and non-metal reactivity largest at top right)

Question 9

Where are the SPDF blocks located?

Answer 9

Question 10

How can a covalent bond be determined?

Answer 10

If electronegativity difference is greater than 1.5

Question 11

What are properties of ionic substances?

Answer 11

Solids at room temperature
High melting and boiling points
Hard and brittle
They do not conduct electricity as solids, but do when in aqueous solution or molten

Question 12

What are properties of covalent molecular structures

Answer 12

Generally gas at room temperature but there are also liquids and solids.
Low melting and boiling points
Soft when solid
Pure covalent substances do not conduct electricity unless they react with water to form ions

Question 13

What are properties of covalent network solids (covalent lattices), think felsic minerals

Answer 13

Covalent lattices have high melting points (since there are so many covalent bonds). The lattice is not arranged uniformly, and when it melts, the crystal breaks into many smaller pieces which move relative to each other.

Question 14

What are properties of metallic bonding?

Answer 14

Solid at room temperature (aside from mercury)
Positive ions held together by a mobile ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
Held together by the electrostatic attraction between these electrons
The mobile electrons conduct electricity, and are ductile and malleable since the electrons can adjust to new arrangements.

Question 15

What is the shape of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer 15

Trigonal bipyramidal

Question 16

What is the shape of a molecule with 6 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer 16

Octahedral

Question 17

How does the liquid form of ionic compounds allow it conduct electricity?

Answer 17

When ionic compounds melt or dissolve in water, they can conduct electricity. The reason for this is
that being in molten form and in solution allows the positive ions to move towards the negative end
and negative ions to move towards the positive end, resulting in an electric current.

Question 18

What is the formula and structure of cyanide?

Answer 18

CN-
Triple bond, lone pair on either side