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Speech > Module 3 Quiz > Flashcards

Module 3 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Verbal refers to

A

Words written or spoken not orality

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2
Q

Phonological

A

Sound, system

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3
Q

Semantic system

A

System of word meanings

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4
Q

Synatic system

A

Enables you to put words into meaningful sentences.

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5
Q

Meanings are in

A

People

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6
Q

Bypassing

A

A pattern of communication occurring when the speaker and the listener miss each other with their meanings.

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7
Q

Types of bypassing

A

Different words, same meanings ; same words different meanings.

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8
Q

Denotation

A

The meaning found in a dictionary, the meaning that members of the culture assign to a word.

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9
Q

Connotation

A

The emotional meaning that specific speakers- listeners give to a word.

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10
Q

Snarl words

A

Highly negative ( she’s an idiot, he’s a pig, they are a bunch of racist)

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11
Q

Purr words

A

Highly positive ( she’s a sweetheart, he’s a dream, they’re the greatest)

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12
Q

The point of snarl and purr words

A

Purely connotative in meaning, they don’t describe people or events, they reveal the speakers feeling about people or events.

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13
Q

Language is blank and blank

A

Denotative and connotation

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14
Q

Meanings depend on

A

Context

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15
Q

Context can be

A

Cultural or gender based,

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16
Q

Principle of communication

A

Holds that any communication interaction, both parties will make an effort to help each other understand one another.

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17
Q

4 ideals of the principle of cooperation

A

The maxim of quality - truth, maxim of relation- relevant to conversation, maxim of manner- clear, brief, and meaningful pattern ( texting is a good example) Maxim of quantity- informative as possible

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18
Q

Principal of face saving

A

Holds that you should never embarrass anyone especially in public.

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19
Q

The principle of self denigration

A

Advises you to avoid taking credit for accomplishments and to minimize your abilities or talents in conversation. Also raise the image of those you are talking too.

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20
Q

Principle of peaceful relations

A

Holds that when you communicate, your primary goal is to maintain peaceful relationships.

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21
Q

How gender affects communication

A

Women are more polite, seek agreement, women are less direct in giving orders and men are more indirect in admitting an error or weakness.

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22
Q

Politeness

A

Consideration, regard for others as expressed verbally and nonverballly, interaction that follows the socially accepted rules for interpersonal interaction

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23
Q

Direct message

A

Speech in which the speaker states his or her intentions clearly and forthrightly

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24
Q

Indirect messages

A

Allow you to express a desire ejtbiut insulting or offending someone. Ex. Instead of this food tastes terrible, I just started my diet.

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25
Q

Onymous

A

The author of the message is clearly identified

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26
Q

How to be more assertive

A

Describe the problem, state how this problem, affects you, propose solutions, confirm understanding.

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27
Q

Lying

A

Refers to the act of 1. Sending messages 2. With the intention of giving a other person information you believe to be false.

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28
Q

You can’t lie if

A

You send information you believe to be true

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29
Q

Types of lies

A

Pro- social deception: to achieve some good, self-enhancement deception: to make yourself look good, selfish deception: to protect yourself ( telling a person that you are not cheating when you are), anti social deception: to harm someone.

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30
Q

Truth bias

A

Assuming that someone is telling the truth

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31
Q

Deception bias

A

Believing that someone is telling a lie ( common among jailers)

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32
Q

Disconfirmation

A

A communication pattern in which we ignore someone and in effect someone’s messages. Denying their significance (I’m not interested in your babbling, I do what I want)

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33
Q

Rejection

A

You disagree with the person and indicate an unwillingness to accept something the other person says or does.

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34
Q

Confirmation

A

Acknowledging the presence of the other person, the person’s importance and your acceptance of this person.

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34
Q

Confirmation

A

Acknowledging the presence of the other person, the person’s importance and your acceptance of this person.

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35
Q

Individual racism

A

Negative attitudes and beliefs that people hold about specific races.

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36
Q

Heterosexism

A

Exists on am individual and institutional level. Individualist includes attitudes, behaviors and language that disparages other lifestyles and beliefs that these lifestyles are wrong.

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37
Q

Heterosexual language

A

Obvious derogatory terms as well as qualifying professionals by their sexuality.

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38
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice against older people but also against certain age groups.

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39
Q

Sexist language

A

Language that puts down someone because his or her gender.

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40
Q

Racist terms

A

Black, chicos, Eskimos, jews as an adjective, and oriental.

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41
Q

Ma’am

A

Best to be avoided because it refers to a woman’s age or marital status.

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42
Q

Transvestites

A

People who prefer at times to dress in the clothing of the sex other than the one they were assigned at birth.

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43
Q

Intensional orientation

A

The tendency to view people, objects, and events according to the way they’re talked about or labeled.

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44
Q

Extensional orientation

A

The tendency to look first at the actual people, objects and events and only afterward at their labels.

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45
Q

Allness

A

Forgetting that language symbolizes only a portion of reality, never the whole.

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46
Q

Language expresses both

A

Facts and inferences

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47
Q

Fact inference confusion

A

When inferences are treated as facts.

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48
Q

Inferentual statement

A

Statement made not only on the basis of what you observe but of what you infer.

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49
Q

Static evaluation

A

Tendency to retain evaluations without change while the reality to which they refer is changing.

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50
Q

Mental date

A

Extensional devise that helps you keep your language up to date and guards against static evaluation. Pat 2012 different from pat 2015

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51
Q

Indiscrimination

A

Failure to distinguish between similar but different people, objects, or events.

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52
Q

Index

A

Mental subscript identifies each individual as an individual. Teacher1 is not teacher 2

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53
Q

Nonverbal communication examples

A

Gesture, smile, grown widen eyes, move chair, weae jewelry, touch someone, raise volume, or say nothing at all.

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54
Q

Nonverbal communication myths

A
  1. It conveys more meaning than verbal communication 2. Loars avoid eye contact. 3.studying it will allow you to read another person like a book 4. It is universal 5. When verb and nonverbal contradict each other, it is best to believe the nonverbal.
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55
Q

Accent example

A

Raising your voice to underscore a particular word or phrase, bang your fist on the desk to emphasize your commitment, or look longingly into someone’s eyes when you say you love them.

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56
Q

Complement example

A

Smile when telling a story, frown, qnf shake uout head.

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57
Q

Contradict

A

Crossin fingers and winking when lying

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58
Q

Control

A

Purse your lips, lean forward, or make hand movements that indicate your will to speak. “Um” tnesr message control or indicate a desute to control of verbal messages.

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59
Q

Repeat

A

Is it alright?followed by raised eyebrows and questioning look.

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60
Q

Subsititute

A

Nod of head meaning yes, hand signal meaning “OK”

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61
Q

6 ways tbay nonberbal messages interact with verbal messages

A

Accent, complement, contradict, control, repeat, substitute.

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62
Q

How to communicate nonverbally electronically

A

Emoticons and pictures

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63
Q

Real and genuine smiles

A

Duchene smiles

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64
Q

To be liked

A

Smile, pat on the back, nice handshake

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65
Q

To be believed

A

Focused eye contact, open gestures, and a firm stance

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66
Q

To excuse failure

A

Look sad, cover face with hands, shake head.

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67
Q

To secure help

A

Open hand gestures, puzzlee look, and inept movements

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68
Q

To hide faults

A

Avoid self adapters

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69
Q

To be followed

A

Dress like a leader, put diploma and awards in displag

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70
Q

To confirm self-image and to communicate it to othetd

A

Dress in certain ways or decorate your apartnent with things that reflect your personality

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71
Q

Nonverbal messages help manage

A

Impressions

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72
Q

Non verbal messages help form

A

Relationships

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73
Q

Tie signs

A

Non verbal signs that indicate the way that a relatiobshoo is tied together. Varies in intimacy, extends from informal handshake to hand holding anf full mouth kissing.

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74
Q

Nonverbal messages structure

A

Conversation ( turn taking cues)

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75
Q

Nonverbal messages can

A

Influence and deceive

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76
Q

Example of nonverbal deception

A

Using eyes and facial expressions to communicate a liking for someone when you are onlyninterested in getting their support for some cause

77
Q

Non verbal messages are crucial flr

A

Expressing emotions

78
Q

Examples of nonverbal communication expressing emotions other than facial expressions

A

Posture. Pupil dialation, distsnce, eye movements

79
Q

Kinesics

A

Study of nonverbal communication through face and body movements

80
Q

Kinesics: emblems

A

Body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases ( thumbs up for good job)

81
Q

Kinesics: illustrators

A

Enahce the verbal message with gestures. Mostly with hands. You can turn your head to the left when referring to something on the left.

82
Q

Kinesics: affects display

A

Movements of the face, hands, and body that communicate emotion ( tension release, smiling)

83
Q

Regulators

A

Regulate conversation ( nodding head to tell a person to contjnhe, open mouth to telk tbe person you want to speak)

84
Q

Adaptors

A

Gestures that satisfy a need ( scratch, moving hair from eyes)

85
Q

Kinesics: self adaptors

A

Self touching adaptors ( rubbing nose)

86
Q

Kinesics: alter adaptions

A

Directed at person being spoken to. Removing lint from their jacmet, straightening tie, folding arms in front of yourself.

87
Q

Kinesics: object adaptors

A

Gestures focused on objects ( doodling on cup)

88
Q

Attractive people have many

A

Advantages, grades, friends, workers

89
Q

Facial emotions

A

Happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, contempt, and interest

90
Q

Facial management techniques

A

Enable you to communicate feelings to achieve the desired affect. Hiding some emotions and emphasizing others.

91
Q

To intensify

A

To exaggerate your astonisbment at a surprise party to make your friends feel better.

92
Q

Visual dominance

A

Increasing a level of eye contact while talking but a muchh lower level while listening.

93
Q

Civil inattention

A

Turning eyes away to let people maintain privacy.

94
Q

Intimate distance

A

Touching to 18 inches. Used for loving, comfortingx anf protecting.

95
Q

Persobal distance

A

“Bubble” 18 inches to 4 feet used for most interpersonal communications ( talkong with friends and family)

96
Q

Social distance

A

4 to 12 feet lose visual detail. Conduct business and interact at social gatherings. More formal

97
Q

Public distance

A

12 to more than 25 feet ( drunk bus passenger) allows for defensuve action

98
Q

Primary territories

A

Exclusive: desk, house, room, yard. You are in control and more dominany

99
Q

Second territories

A

Assigned desk in classroom, lunch table in careteriam it is not yours but you feel and ownership attachment.

100
Q

Public territories

A

Open to everyone size of territory communicates power.

101
Q

Central markers

A

Items placed in a territory to reserve it. Coggee, books, sweater kn chair

102
Q

Coundag markers

A

Markers that set boundaries. Bar between groceries and armrests

103
Q

Earmarkers

A

Marks on objects that indicate your ownershio of object or place logos

104
Q

Artifactual communication

A

Communication mafr by human hands. Color, clothing, jewlrey, and decoration.

105
Q

Touch communication can also be referred to as

A

Haptics

106
Q

Ritual touching

A

Hugging and kissing, greetings

107
Q

Paralanguage

A

How you say something. Stresssing syllablles

108
Q

Uses os silence

A

To give time to think, to hurt, to lessen anxiety, to prevent communication, and to commmunicate emotions

109
Q

Temporak communication is also known as

A

Chronemics

110
Q

Social clock

A

Telss you ig your keepong pace with your peers, ahead of them, or behind.

111
Q

Formal time

A

Days, seconds, weeks. Phases kf moknx srask s.

112
Q

Informal tome

A

Forever, soon, immediatlg

113
Q

Monochronic

A

Schedule one thing at time

114
Q

Polychronic

A

Scheduling more than one thinf at a time.

115
Q

Conversation

A

Communication engaged by two or three people and usualkt including an opening, feedforward, a business stage, feedback, and a closing stage

116
Q

Conversation is a blank process

A

Drvelopmental process

117
Q

Opening

A

Hello, handshake

118
Q

Feedfirward

A

We reslly need to talk about this, did you hear

119
Q

Busines

A

Purpose or substantial part of thw conversation

120
Q

Turn maintaining cues

A

You communicate your wih to maintain the role of the speaker in a variety of ways

121
Q

Turn maintaining cues

A

Umm, avoiding eye contact, audibly inhaling to show that you have more to say

122
Q

Turn yielding cues

A

Tell the listener that the speaker is finisbrd and wishes to exchange tje role of soeajer for the role of listener.

123
Q

Turn yielding cues

A

Right?, pausing, making eye contact with the listener, aaking a question

124
Q

Turn requesting cues

A

Let the speaker kniw that you would like to say something and include er and um, opening the mouth wide, and leaning forward

125
Q

Turn denying cues

A

I don’t knie, grunt, denying eye contact,

126
Q

Bavkchanneling cues

A

Used to communicate various types of informatuon back to the speaker without becoming the speaker. Mmhh, yeah. Show you are involved without taking over.

127
Q

Purposes of backchanneling cues

A

To indicate agreement or disagreement, to indicate degree of involvement, to pace the speaker, to ask for clarification

128
Q

Interuptions

A

Attenpts to take over the role of speaker. Often discomfirming. Superiors interrupt inferiors more than the other way around.

129
Q

Dialogue

A

Each person is both speaker and listener, sender and receiver. There is deep concern for the relationship of the two. Respect because it is deserved

130
Q

Monologue

A

One person speakes and the other listens, no real interactio

131
Q

How to create imediacy

A

Self disclose, refer to the other persons good qualities, express your positive view of the other person and of your relationship, talk about commonalities, demonstrate your responsiveness, express psychological closeness and openness, maintain appropriate eye contact, smile, focus on the otber persons remarks

132
Q

How to increase flexibility in conversation

A

Analyze the specific conversational situation, mindfully considrr your available choices, estimate the potential advantages and disadvantages, competently communicate your choice.

133
Q

Maxim of tact

A

Not imposing others or challenging their right to do as they wish, i know you are busy but, i dont mean to be rude but

134
Q

Maxim of generosity

A

Confirms the other persons importance. Ill walk yhe dog, i see that you are busy

135
Q

Maxim of approbation

A

Refers to praising someone or complimenting the person in some wat and minimizing any expression of criticism or disapproval.

136
Q

Maxim of modesty

A

Minimises any comploments you may receive

137
Q

Maxim of agreement

A

Seeking out areas of agreement and expressing them while avoiding areas of disagreement

138
Q

Maxim of sympathy

A

Expression of understanding, sympathy, empathy, supportiveness, and loke for the other person.

139
Q

Guidelines for effective small talk

A

Be positive, be sensitive to leave takong cues, stress similiarities rather than differences, answer questions with sufficient elaborations, avoid monologuing, choose topics carefully

140
Q

The most essential gesture of introduction in the US

A

Handshake

141
Q

They types of excuses

A

Denial, minimize, and qualify.

142
Q

Look at apologies pages

A

164 to 165

143
Q

Backhanded compliment

A

Looksnloke someone finally lost a few pounds, am I right?

144
Q

Meta advise

A

Advise about advise

145
Q

Three types of meta advice

A

To explore options and choices, to seek expert advice, to delay decusuon

146
Q

Giving advice

A

Listen, empathize, be tentative, offer options, ensure understanding, keep the interaction confidential, avoid shoudl statements

147
Q

Stsged of a relationship

A

Contact, involvement, intimacy, deterioration, repair, dissolution

148
Q

Contact

A

Perceptional amd interactional

149
Q

Involvement

A

Testing, intensifying

150
Q

Intinmacy

A

Interpersonal commitment social bonding

151
Q

Deterioration

A

Intrapersonal dissatisfaction, interpersonal dissatisfaction

152
Q

Repair

A

Interpersonal and intrapersonal

153
Q

Dissolution

A

Interpersonal seperation and social/ public separation

154
Q

Stages of repairing a relationship

A

Recognize the problem, engage in productive conflict resolution, pose possible solutions, ffirm each other, integrate solutions, risk giving.

155
Q

Dealing with emotional difficulty after a relationship ends

A

Break the linliness depression cycle, take time out, bolster self esteem, avpid repeating negatuve patters..

156
Q

Relationship dealectics theory

A

Closedness and openness. Auyonomy abd connection, novelty abd predjctabiluy

157
Q

Bredth

A

The number of tipucs you and your partner talk about

158
Q

Depth of relationship

A

The degree in which uou penetrate the inner personalith of the other individula.

159
Q

Social exhange theory

A

Claims that you develop relationshios that will enable you to maximize products

160
Q

Jealousy

A

Is a reaction to a relationship threat

161
Q

Cognituve jealousy

A

Involves supicous thinking, worrying, or imagining different scenarios in which your partner may nr interested in another person

162
Q

Emotional jealousy

A

Involve the feelings you havr when you see your partner laughing or talking with a rival

163
Q

Behavioral jealousy

A

Readibg partners emails, stslking their facebook

164
Q

Mate guarding

A

Concealment, visualabce, monopoly

165
Q

Relationship violence

A

Physical abuse, verval or emotional abuse, and sexual abuse

166
Q

Principles of friendship

A

Friendship is an interpersonal relationship, friendships must be mutually productive, friendships are characterized bu mutual positive regard

167
Q

Friendship of reciprocity

A

Ideal type od friendship characetized by loyalty and equality.

168
Q

Friendship of recptivity

A

Imablance of giving and receiving. One person gives and the other receives. Teacher and student

169
Q

Friendshio og association

A

Aquatices. Classmates anf neighbors

170
Q

Needs that friendship serves

A

Utility, affirmatiin, ego support, stimulation, and security

171
Q

Three main stages of friendship development

A

Initial contact and acquantanceship, casual friendship, and close and intimate friendship

172
Q

Network convergence

A

As the relationship develops online they begin to share their metwork of other communicators

173
Q

Eros love

A

Beauty and sexualith

174
Q

Ludus love

A

Entertainment and excitement

175
Q

Storge love

A

Peaceful and slow

176
Q

Pragma love

A

Practical and traditionsl. Pragma love seeks a relationship that will work.

177
Q

Mania love

A

Elation and depression

178
Q

Agape

A

Compassionate and self less

179
Q

Types of couples

A

Traditionals, independent, separate

180
Q

Comformuty orientation

A

Refers to the degree to which family members express similiat or dissimilar attitudes, values, and beliefs

181
Q

Conversation oreintation

A

The degree un which family members can speak their minx

182
Q

4 types of families

A

Consensual familes, protective families, pluuralistic families

183
Q

Consensual families

A

High in conversation and conformity

184
Q

Protectjve families

A

High in conformity and low in conversation

185
Q

Pluralistic families

A

Low in conformity and high in conversation

186
Q

Laisez faire families

A

Low in conformity and low in conversation a

187
Q

Family characteristics

A

Defined roles, recognition of responsibilities, shared history and future, shared living space

188
Q

Equality pattern

A

Each person shatrd equally in the communication transac5ions anf each person is accorded a similiar degree of credibility

189
Q

Balanced split

A

Equality relationship is maintained but each person has authority over different domaibs

190
Q

Unbalanced split

A

One person dominates and is seen as an expert ib more than halg the arras of mutual communication

191
Q

Monolopy

A

One person is seen as am authority

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