Module 2 Flashcards
(154 cards)
What is public speaking
Communication in which a speaker presents a relatively continuous message to a relatively large audience in a unique context
Rhetoric
One of the earliest systematic studies of public speaking
3 types of speaking in the rhetoric.
Logos (logical proof), pathos ( emotional appeals), ethos (appeals based on the character of the speaker)
Rhetoric was created by
Aristotle
Roman rhetorician who added to the work of the greeks
Quintilian tbuilg an entire educational system based on development of the effective and responsible orator.
The benefits of public speaking
Improve your public speaking abilities, improve personal and social abilities, improve academic and career skills.
How to improve public speaking skills
Instruction, exposure to different speeches, experience with diverse audiences, feedback on your own speeches, and individual learning experiences.
While becoming a better speaker you will also improve your _ skills
Listening
Communication apprehension
Fear or anxiety over communicating
Trait apprehension
Shows itself in all communication situations.
State apprehension
Fear that is specific to a given communication situation. Public speaking is feared most
Can fear be useful?
Yes, it can motivate you to work harder and not procrastinate.
Ways to deal with and manage public speaking apprehension
Reduce the newness of public speaking by gaining experience, reduce your self focus by visualizing public speaking as conversatuon, reduce your perceived differentness from the audience, reduce your fear of failure by thoroughly preparing and practicing, reduce your anxiety by moving about and breathing deeply, and avoid chemicals as tension relievers.
Essential steps for preparing an effective publix speech
Select topic, purposes and thesis Analyze your audience Research your topic Collect supporting materials Develop your main points Organize your speech materials Construct introduction, conclusion, and transitions Word your speech Rehearse your speech Present your speech
To answer the question what do I speak about?
What makes a good topic?
How do I find such a topic?
How do I focus or limit my topic?
A good so each topic is
Substantive, appropriate, and culturally sensitive
Ways to find topics
Yourself- What are you interested in? Brainstorming Surveys- polls News items- topics in articles Topic lists
Why should a topic be narrowed
To fit into time restrictions and permit depth of coverage. Limiting the topic will help you to search for research materials more efficiently.
Ways to limit your topic
Topoi, tree diagrams, and search directories
Topoi
System of topics that comes from the rhetoric of Greece and Rome but is used more widely as a stimulus for creative thinking. When using this method you ask yourself a series of topics about your general subject and it helps you to see divisions of your general topic on which you want to focus.
Tree diagrams
A method for narrowing a topic in which each topic is branched off into subtopics is branched off into additional subtopics
Search directory
A nested list of topics
Purpose of a speech
The goal you want to achieve; it identifies the effect that you want your speech to have on the audience
General purpose
Whether a speech is persuasive or informative