Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuromuscular 1 > Module 3 pt.2 > Flashcards

Module 3 pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

examine olfactory acuity non-noxious odors such as lemon oil, coffee, cloves, or peppermint

A

nerve olfactory 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

examine visual acuioty using a snellen chart, both central and peripheral vision is tested

A

cranial nerve II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

determine equality and size of pupils; reaction to light, presence of strabismus (loss of ocular alignment); ability of eyes t ofollow a moving target without head movement; presence of ptosis on eyelid

A

cranial III, IV, VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory tests of face (sharp/dull discrimination, light touch) open and close jaw against resisitance, jaw jerk reflex

A

cranial nerve V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

examine any asymmetry of face at rest and during voluntary contraction

A

cranial nerve VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

test auditory using a vibrating tuning fork placed on vertex of skull or forehead, patient indicates on which side the tone is louder

A

cranial nerve VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

examine taste on posterior one-third of tongue, examine gag reflex

A

cranial nerve IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

examine swallowing, observe ucula and soft palate for any asymmetry (tongue depressor)

A

cranial nerve X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examine strength of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

cranial nerve XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

with tongue protruded examine ability to move tongue rapidly from side to side

A

cranial nerve XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Olfactory Nerve test

A

test each nostril separately
have pt report if they can smell non-noxious odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

olfactory treatment considerations

A

ties to memory, emotions, motivations
can affect tast and appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Visual Acuity - Snellen or Log MAR chart
Assess one eye at a time

Visual Fields - confrontation testing one eye at a time
asses each quadrant of visual field

pupillary light reflexes (sensory component)
if there is lesion to the sensory component: would not see a response in either eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens

A

Congugate eye movements
- observe resting position
- H-test observe eyes movement when the patient is asked to follow a target

Convergence
- ask the patient to follow a target that is moved towards nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Turns eye up, down, in
Ptosis of the eyelid
efferent limb of pupillary light reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

turns the adducted eye down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

turns eye out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the ability of the eyes to smoothly follow a moving object (slowly)

A

smooth pursuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

quick involuntary small movements of both eyes simultaneously occurs when the eyes fix on one point after another in the visual field
shoud move together

A

saccade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trigeminal

A

Senosry portion - facial sensation, corneal reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

trigeminal - motor portion

A

muscles of mastication ‘
Jaw jerk test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

trigeminal - sensory portion

A

sesnory testing to face - bilateral, light touch/dull
open and close jaw
bite down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

facial - motor portion

A

observe facial symmetry - show teeth, smile, eyes closed, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

facial - sensory portion

A

taste - anterior 2/3 of the tongue
observation of gestures and facial movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment considerations: Bells Palsy

A

damage to peripheral nerve VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treamtment considerations: Facial weakness due to cortex lesion

A

lower face on contralateral side is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

treatment considerations: facial weakness due to CN VII nucleus lesions

A

upper and lower ipsilateral side of face affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vestibulocochlear - cochlear portion

A

hearing loss
clinical examination
- snap, finger rub, whisper
- rinne test
- weber test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Vestibulocohlear treatment considerations

A

any suddent hearing loss should be reffered to a specialist
asymmetrical hearing loss of unknown cause should be assessed with audiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

vestibulococohlear: vestibular portion

A

observe for nystagmus, head Impulse test, balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Head Impulse Test (HIT)

A

the examiner quicly rotates the patient’s head from 10 degrees to one side back to midline while the patient focuses on a target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

normal VOR response of HIT test

A

patient is able to fixate on central target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

abnormal response HIT test

A

inability to maintain fixation during rotation of the head requiring a corrective saccade once head has stopped moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

sensory - taste to 1/3 tongue, pharynx and soft palate
motor - stylopharyngeus muscle

Look at swallowing, penlight “AHHH” observe soft palate symmertry, movement of uvula, gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

vagus

A

motor - to pharynx, larynx, and soft palate and parasympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Lesion of Glossopharyngeal and Vagus could lead to

A

loss of taste, loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, vocal quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

treatment considerations to glossopharyngeal and vagus

A

swallowing issues should be evaluated by SLP
be aware of offering liquids to a patient with suspected swallowing issues

38
Q

Spinal Accessory

A

Rotate head, Elevate scapula

39
Q

Hypoglossal

A

eating, speech
appearance of the tongue - deviate to WEAKER side

40
Q

the part of the exam that provides us with an awareness of the environment
essential part of the assessment
examination of conscious sensation

A

sensory exam

41
Q

which two major sensory pathways that are examined

A

anterolateral system and dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DCML)

42
Q

sensory deficit from a cerebral or brainstem lesion usually occur in a

A

unilateral distribution

43
Q

a sensory deficit from a spinal cord injury usually occur in a

A

paraplegic or tetraplegic distribution

44
Q

a sensory deficit from a spinal nerve lesion will be a

A

dermatome distribution

45
Q

sensory deficit from a peripheral nerve lesion will be in the distribution of that

A

peripheral nerve

46
Q

esnory deficit from a polyneuropathy will have a ____ distibution because the longest axons are the most effected

A

stocking and glove

47
Q

Pain and Temperature

A

Anterolateral system

48
Q

Joint position sense, pressure tocuh, vibration

A

DCML

49
Q

light touch is represented in both the ___ and ___ system

A

ALS and DCML

50
Q

Important part of patient preparation

A

patient should not be fatigued
occlude the patients vision during the testing

51
Q

sequencing of the exam

A
  • superficial, deep, combined cortical sensations
  • compare bilaterally
  • organization based on patient presentation/diagnosis
52
Q

Light Touch

A

cottob ball, tissue
demonstrate to patiet
close eyes
ask to response every time they feel the sensation
provide variability by asking the patient when no sensation is being applied

53
Q

Pain perception - superficial exam

A

share and dull
paperchip or reflex hammer
demonstrate procedure, defining sharp and dull
ask pt to close eyes
hold in place several seconds

54
Q

temperature awareness - superficial exam

A

metal handle of reflex hammer, hot/cold water
demonstrate procedure of defining cold
ask pt to close eyes

55
Q

vibration Perception - deep

A

vibration perception
examines ability to perveive a vibratory stimulus
tuning fork, eyes closed, ask the pt if they feel any vibration

56
Q

pressure touch - deep

A

not usually assessed formally in PT examination
deep vs light pressure
semmes-weinstein monofilament testing

57
Q

lateral corticospinal tract - direct connections

A

signals travel from the motor cortex to the alpha motor neurons of the spinal cord

58
Q

lateral corticospinal tract - indirect connections

A

bidirectional connections with extrapyramidal motor system (basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem)

59
Q

Ventromedial Pathways

A

controlled by brainstem
innervate axial and antigravity muscles and help keep head positioned during dynamic activities

60
Q

motor neurons that are in the medial part of the ventral horn

A

tectospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
reticulospinal tract

61
Q

generally performed prioer to transferring the patient, abnormal findings are identified and lead to a more detailed ROM and strength

A

motor exam: screen

62
Q

things you can observe/inspect for motor skills

A

posture.positioning, movement, muscle mass (bulk, contour, symmetry, look for atrophy or hypertrophy)

63
Q

Present when muscles are resting, may go away or become less noticeable with activity of the muscles that are involved, “pill-rolling” temor

A

resting tremor

64
Q

oscillations that are exaggerated at the end of the voluntary movement, will often disappear while the affected body part is at rest, seen with cerebrallar pathologies

A

action/intention tremor

65
Q

resistance of muscle to passive stretch when the patient attempts to maintain muscle relaxation

A

muscle tone

66
Q

flaccidity

A

a type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes osft and yields to passive stretching

67
Q

hypotonia

A

reased muscle tone

68
Q

spastic hypertonia

A

a motor disorder characterized by a velovity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks

69
Q

rigid hypertonia

A

stiffness separate from the degree of movement

70
Q

dystonia

A

unintended muscle contractions that cause slow repetitive movements or abdnormal postures that can sometimes be painful

71
Q

Muscle Tone Assessment

A

can be difficult in proximal muscles, issues with inter-ratr reliability, noticed signs of abnormal tone on observation

72
Q

decorticate rigidity

A

occurs from disruption of influence from the cerebral cortex, spasticity of the flexor muscles of the upper extremity, extensors of the lower extremity

73
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

occurs from disruption of excitatory input to brainstemp nuclei, spasticity of the antigravity (extensors) muscles of the entire body

74
Q

Spasticity

A

Manifestation of UMN lesion (damage to corticospinal pathways)
“catch” or a very stiff limb that cannot be moved passively
tone state is velovity dependent
MAS

75
Q

Ridigidy/Rigid Hypertonia

A

“lead pipe or cogwheel” resistance to passive movement
seen in Parkinson’s Disease

76
Q

Flaccidity and Hypotonia

A

often seen with LMM lesions and damage to the cerebellum
less resistance than expected to passive elongation of the muscle
may see temporary flaccidity (days-weeks) after a CVA or SCI due to cerebral or spinal shock

77
Q

motor control of movement

A

smoothness, initiation, cessation, fractionation, vary velocities

78
Q

ability to execute smooth, accurate, controlled movement

A

coordination

79
Q

primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor area

A

motor cortex

80
Q

internal representation of the environment to provide input that guides motor responses

A

somatosenosry cortex

81
Q

initiation and regulation of intentional movement; planning and execution of complex motor task, ability to accomplish automatic movements and postural adjustments

A

basal ganglia

82
Q

regularion of movement, muscle tone, postural control
provides signals for error correction

A

cerebellum

83
Q

coordination impairments

A

Ataxia
- dysdiadochokinesia
- dysmetria
- intention tremor

84
Q

-Synergistic action of mucles
-safety, risk factors for falls
-level of skill, efficiency of movement
-initiation, control, termination of movement
-contributing underlying pathology
-timing, sequencing accuracy of movement
-effect of therapy or medication on motor function

A

purposes of coordination examination determine. . .

85
Q

the ability to reverse movement between opposing muscle groups

A

reciprocal motion

86
Q

movement control achieved by synergist muscle groups acting together

A

movment composition/synergy

87
Q

the ability to gauge or judge distance and speed of voluntary movement

A

movement accuracy

88
Q

the ability to hold the position of an individual limb or limb segment

A

fixation/limb holding

89
Q

Finger to nose

A

Pt is asked to alternately touch his/her nose and tip of examiner’s finger
observe
- reciprocal mvoment
-movement composition
-time to perform designated amount and number of errors

90
Q

Heel to Shin

A

heel is placed on opposite shin and run up to the knee and back down to the ankle
observe
-performed quickly and without interruption or side to side wavering
-unsteady movement and unable to maintain contact batween the heel and tibia crest
-time to perform designated amount

91
Q

Rapid Alternating Movements

A

Rapidly supinate/pronate the forearm
observe
-if performed rapidly and rhythmically

92
Q

inability to perform rapidly altnerating movements or simple motor tasks involving the rapid contraction and relaxation of the agonist/antagonist muscles

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

Neuromuscular 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions