module 3 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure Tolerance Categories

A

Barotolerant: Survive in high pressure but do not thrive.

Piezophiles: Optimal growth under high hydrostatic pressure.

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2
Q

Radiation types

A

Ionizing radiation and UV radiation.

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3
Q

Radiation Resistance

A

Ability to repair radiation-induced damage

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4
Q

Adaptation Advantages

A

Adaptation to unique niches reduces competition and promotes diversity.
Organisms have evolved to survive and thrive in specific environmental conditions, leading to a wide range of tolerance and dependency categories.

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5
Q

Biofilms

A

Complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.

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6
Q

Functions of Bioflims

A

Provide protection from environmental stresses.

Facilitate nutrient exchange among community members.

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7
Q

Communication among bio flims

A

Cells within biofilms communicate via chemical signaling molecules

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8
Q

Microscopic Counting

A

Using a microscope with a counting chamber

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9
Q

Viable Cell Counting

A

Using dyes to stain viable cells in flow cytometry (# of cell)

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10
Q

Spectrometry

A

Measures cell mass by light scattering, proportional to cell number.

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11
Q

Continuous Culture Systems

A

Maintain cultures in extended exponential phase

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12
Q

Chemostats

A

Control nutrient input for steady-state growth.

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13
Q

Turbidostats

A

Control culture density for a steady growth rate.

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14
Q

Methods for Isolating Pure Cultures

A
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15
Q

Anaerobes

A

Grow in the absence of oxygen

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16
Q

Aerobes

A

Require oxygen.

17
Q

Supportive Media

A

Sustains growth of many types of organisms.

18
Q

Enriched Media

A

Contains added nutrients for fastidious microbes

19
Q

Selective Media

A

Promotes growth of specific microorganisms while inhibiting others.

20
Q

Differential Media

A

Distinguishes between organisms based on biological characteristics.

21
Q

Defined Medium

A

Precisely defined chemical composition
Used for specific nutrient requirements

22
Q

Complex/Rich Medium

A

Contains complex ingredients like meat or yeast extract
Supports microorganisms with unknown needs.

23
Q

Microbial Growth Control Methods

A

To Limit or eliminate unwanted microbial growth to prevent spoilage and disease in various fields

Sterilization
Disinfection
Sanitization
Antisepsis
Microbial Death

24
Q

Sterilization

A

Complete removal or killing of all cells, spores, and acellular entities.

25
Q

Disinfection

A

Killing, inhibition, or removal of disease-causing microorganisms.

26
Q

Sanitization

A

educing microbe levels to safe levels according to public health standards.

27
Q

Antisepsis

A

Destruction or inhibition of microorganisms on living tissue.

28
Q

Microbial Death

A

Exposure to biocides results in microbial death over time.

29
Q

Mechanical Control Methods : Filtration

A

Depth Filters
Membrane Filters

30
Q

Depth Filters

A

Capture microorganisms using filter depth.

31
Q

Membrane Filters

A

Use thin membranes with controlled pore size (0.2 micrometers) to remove cells from liquids.

32
Q

Physical Control Methods:

A

Heat
Dry Heat: Used in ovens.
Moist Heat: Used with boiling water or steam under pressure.

Radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) Light: Used for surface decontamination.

Ionizing Radiation: Penetrates materials

33
Q

Six Families of Chemical Microbial Biocides

A

Phenolics
Alcohols
Halogens
Heavy Metals
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Aldehydes

34
Q

Classification of Antimicrobial Agents

A

-cide: Agents that kill microorganisms

-static: Agents that inhibit growth without killing.

Death Curve
Population treated with a lethal agent shows exponential decay.

Decimal Reduction Time
Time required to kill 90% of microorganisms under specific conditions.

Z value
Change in temperature required for a tenfold reduction in time (the D value.)

35
Q
A