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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign: Supply Chain in Agriculture > Module 3: Productivity Variables & History of Seed Genetics > Flashcards

Module 3: Productivity Variables & History of Seed Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

The Green Revolution
- ___
- 1940s: Seed genetics
- 1950s: Fertaliser
- 1960s: Herbicide & Pesticide
- 1990s: Biotechnology

A

Prior to 1940s yields per acre unchanged

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2
Q

The Green Revolution
- Prior to 1940s yields per acre unchanged
- ___
- 1950s: Fertaliser
- 1960s: Herbicide & Pesticide
- 1990s: Biotechnology

A

1940s: Seed genetics

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3
Q

The Green Revolution
- Prior to 1940s yields per acre unchanged
- 1940s: Seed genetics
- ___
- 1960s: Herbicide & Pesticide
- 1990s: Biotechnology

A

1950s: Fertaliser

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4
Q

The Green Revolution
- Prior to 1940s yields per acre unchanged
- 1940s: Seed genetics
- 1950s: Fertaliser
- ___
- 1990s: Biotechnology

A

1960s: Herbicide & Pesticide

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5
Q

The Green Revolution
- Prior to 1940s yields per acre unchanged
- 1940s: Seed genetics
- 1950s: Fertaliser
- 1960s: Herbicide & Pesticide
- ____

A

1990s: Biotechnology

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6
Q

Precision Agriculture & Digital Agriculture

  • Challenge to adoptions; ___ [3]
A

cost of investments, lack of ability to use these tools and knowledge of technologies

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7
Q

Panel Discussion: Labour vs. Machinery

  • ___
  • Most farm labour skilled now
  • Increased technology machinery requires tremendous capital outlay
A

Urbanisation affected availability of farm labour

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8
Q

Panel Discussion: Labour vs. Machinery

  • Urbanisation affected availability of farm labour
  • ___
  • Increased technology machinery requires tremendous capital outlay
A

Most farm labour skilled now

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9
Q

Panel Discussion: Labour vs. Machinery

  • Urbanisation affected availability of farm labour
  • Most farm labour skilled now
  • ___
A

Increased technology machinery requires tremendous capital outlay

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10
Q

Technological Change in Machinery

  • ___
  • Today’s farmers can harvest 360 acres in a day compared to the two acres a day in 1830
A

Autonomous tractors; reduce number of humans needed, increase efficiency

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11
Q

Technological Change in Machinery

  • Autonomous tractors; reduce number of humans needed, increase efficiency
  • ___
A

Today’s farmers can harvest 360 acres in a day compared to the two acres a day in 1830

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12
Q

Grain Logistics in Brazil

  • ___
  • Storage growth has not been proportionate to increased crop production (2010-2022: storage increase 35%, total grain production increased 82%)
  • Storage deficit concentrated in the center-west states
  • Transportation costs cheaper in US giving them a comparative advantage in production
A

Brazilian farms face a deficit in infrastructure, especially transportation and storage

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13
Q

Grain Logistics in Brazil

  • Brazilian farms face a deficit in infrastructure, especially transportation and storage
  • ___
  • Storage deficit concentrated in the center-west states
  • Transportation costs cheaper in US giving them a comparative advantage in production
A

Storage growth has not been proportionate to increased crop production (2010-2022: storage increase 35%, total grain production increased 82%)

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14
Q

Grain Logistics in Brazil

  • Brazilian farms face a deficit in infrastructure, especially transportation and storage
  • Storage growth has not been proportionate to increased crop production (2010-2022: storage increase 35%, total grain production increased 82%)
  • Storage deficit concentrated in ___
  • Transportation costs cheaper in US giving them a comparative advantage in production
A

the center-west states

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15
Q

Grain Logistics in Brazil

  • Brazilian farms face a deficit in infrastructure, especially transportation and storage
  • Storage growth has not been proportionate to increased crop production (2010-2022: storage increase 35%, total grain production increased 82%)
  • Storage deficit concentrated in the center-west states
  • ___ in US giving them a comparative advantage in production
A

Transportation costs cheaper

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16
Q

Colussi, J. and G. Schnitkey. “Investments in Brazilian Grain Transportation Shrink U.S. Logistical Advantage.” farmdoc daily (12):8, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 19, 2022.

  • ___ are gaining share of Brazil’s growing exports.
  • The historical U.S. transport cost advantage has decreased in recent years, as Brazilian costs have decreased.
  • New regulations and investments have led the Brazilian government to project that barge and rail will play a more significant role in ferrying crops to port over the next five years.
A

Brazilian grain export facilities along the Amazon River

17
Q

Colussi, J. and G. Schnitkey. “Investments in Brazilian Grain Transportation Shrink U.S. Logistical Advantage.” farmdoc daily (12):8, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 19, 2022.

  • Brazilian grain export facilities along the Amazon River are gaining share of Brazil’s growing exports.
  • ___
  • New regulations and investments have led the Brazilian government to project that barge and rail will play a more significant role in ferrying crops to port over the next five years.
A

The historical U.S. transport cost advantage has decreased in recent years, as Brazilian costs have decreased.

18
Q

Colussi, J. and G. Schnitkey. “Investments in Brazilian Grain Transportation Shrink U.S. Logistical Advantage.” farmdoc daily (12):8, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 19, 2022.

  • Brazilian grain export facilities along the Amazon River are gaining share of Brazil’s growing exports.
  • The historical U.S. transport cost advantage has decreased in recent years, as Brazilian costs have decreased.
  • New regulations and investments have led the Brazilian government to project that ___
A

barge and rail will play a more significant role in ferrying crops to port over the next five years.

19
Q

U.S. Agricultural Sector Size & Capital Structure

  • The US ag sector is ___
  • Served by comercial lenders as well as a specialised lending system dedicated only to agriculture.
  • Financial performance very strong since the 1980s, generated few credit loses for lenders which made it competitive for agricultural loans
A

a four-trillion-plus sector with relatively low debt and high equity positions

20
Q

U.S. Agricultural Sector Size & Capital Structure

  • The US ag sector is a four-trillion-plus sector with relatively low debt and high equity positions
  • ___ dedicated only to agriculture.
  • Financial performance very strong since the 1980s, generated few credit loses for lenders which made it competitive for agricultural loans
A

Served by comercial lenders as well as a specialised lending system

21
Q

U.S. Agricultural Sector Size & Capital Structure

  • The US ag sector is a four-trillion-plus sector with relatively low debt and high equity positions
  • Served by comercial lenders as well as a specialised lending system dedicated only to agriculture.
  • Financial performance very strong since the ___
A

1980s, generated few credit loses for lenders which made it competitive for agricultural loans

22
Q

Cochrane’s Treadmill Theory

  • New agricultural technology ___
  • The early adopters gain, late adopters see gains and adopt. All farmers adopt
  • Higher supply curve; higher production for same resources: price is driven down
  • Explains why as we’ve adopted technology we haven’t seen incomes in the agricultural sector increase
A

increases yield

23
Q

Cochrane’s Treadmill Theory

  • New agricultural technology increases yield
  • ___
  • Higher supply curve; higher production for same resources: price is driven down
  • Explains why as we’ve adopted technology we haven’t seen incomes in the agricultural sector increase
A

The early adopters gain, late adopters see gains and adopt. All farmers adopt

24
Q

Cochrane’s Treadmill Theory

  • New agricultural technology increases yield
  • The early adopters gain, late adopters see gains and adopt. All farmers adopt
  • ___
  • Explains why as we’ve adopted technology we haven’t seen incomes in the agricultural sector increase
A

Higher supply curve; higher production for same resources: price is driven down

25
Q

Cochrane’s Treadmill Theory

  • New agricultural technology increases yield
  • The early adopters gain, late adopters see gains and adopt. All farmers adopt
  • Higher supply curve; higher production for same resources: price is driven down
  • ___
A

Explains why as we’ve adopted technology we haven’t seen incomes in the agricultural sector increase

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign: Supply Chain in Agriculture (4 decks)

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