Module 3: pregnancy & early childhood Flashcards
What is active immunity?
a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens
how in natural active immunity acquired?
antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body
how is artificial active immunity acquired?
antigens (vaccines or toxoids) are administered to stimulate antibody production
what is passive acquired immunity?
a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source
how is natural passive immunity acquired?
antibodies are transferred naturally from an immune mother to her baby through the placenta or in colostrum
how is passive artificial immunity required?
immune serum (antibody) from an animal or another human is injected.
Should fevers less then 39 degrees be treated in children?
it should not be treated except for the comfort of the child
what ages are children more at risk for febrile-induces seizures?
between 6 months- 5 yrs
what are the lines of defence?
unbroken skin
mucous membranes
chemical barriers
what is phagocytes and phagocytosis role in immune defence?
when they encounter non-human material they attempt to ‘eat it’
what are antimicrobial proteins role in immune defence?
interferon and complement are proteins that stimulate healthy cells to block viruses’ ability to replicate
How does inflammation help the bodies defense?
it minimises the possibility of infection and helps dispose of cell debris and pathogens
What can a fever be triggered by?
a fever can be triggered by some bacterial toxins
What are some symptoms of dehydration in a child?
cold skin, lethargy, dry mouth, depressed fontanelle, blue tinge to skin
What are the top 5 burdens of disease in infants and young children under 5?
- preterm birth and low birth weight complications
- birth trauma and asphyxia
- other disorders of infancy
- sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- other congenital conditions
What are the top 5 burdens of disease in children 5-14yrs?
- asthma
- anxiety disorders
- depressive disorders
- conduct disorders
5, upper respiratory conditions
what are the top 5 burdens of disease in people 15-24 yrs?
- suicide and self inflicted injuries
- anxiety disorders
- depressive disorders
- alcohol use disorders
- asthma
true or false, children are one of the largest groups of Australians experiencing homelessness?
true
what are some general considerations for nurses when caring for children with disabilites?
aim to treat every child as though they fully understand what you are saying
speak to a disabled child the same as though you would an able bodied child
give the child time
don’t ‘pitty’ the child or their parent
just ask if you are unsure about how to talk to the child or how they may respond to a procedure, etc,
examples of externalising behaviours include;
angry, impulsive, hyperactive, etc.
likely to demand attention from parents and family
examples of internalising behaviours include;
withdrawal, worry, fearfulness, becoming easily upset, etc
don’t necessarily draw attention from others
what is gestational diabetes?
a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
when is gestational diabetes diagnosed?
when higher then normal BGL first appear during pregnancy
what percentage of women in Australia will develop gestational diabetes?
12-14%
