Module 3: pregnancy & early childhood

Question 1

What is active immunity?

Answer 1

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens

Question 2

how in natural active immunity acquired?

Answer 2

antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body

Question 3

how is artificial active immunity acquired?

Answer 3

antigens (vaccines or toxoids) are administered to stimulate antibody production

Question 4

what is passive acquired immunity?

Answer 4

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source

Question 5

how is natural passive immunity acquired?

Answer 5

antibodies are transferred naturally from an immune mother to her baby through the placenta or in colostrum

Question 6

how is passive artificial immunity required?

Answer 6

immune serum (antibody) from an animal or another human is injected.

Question 7

Should fevers less then 39 degrees be treated in children?

Answer 7

it should not be treated except for the comfort of the child

Question 8

what ages are children more at risk for febrile-induces seizures?

Answer 8

between 6 months- 5 yrs

Question 9

what are the lines of defence?

Answer 9

unbroken skin
mucous membranes
chemical barriers

Question 10

what is phagocytes and phagocytosis role in immune defence?

Answer 10

when they encounter non-human material they attempt to ‘eat it’

Question 11

what are antimicrobial proteins role in immune defence?

Answer 11

interferon and complement are proteins that stimulate healthy cells to block viruses’ ability to replicate

Question 12

How does inflammation help the bodies defense?

Answer 12

it minimises the possibility of infection and helps dispose of cell debris and pathogens

Question 13

What can a fever be triggered by?

Answer 13

a fever can be triggered by some bacterial toxins

Question 14

What are some symptoms of dehydration in a child?

Answer 14

cold skin, lethargy, dry mouth, depressed fontanelle, blue tinge to skin

Question 15

What are the top 5 burdens of disease in infants and young children under 5?

Answer 15

1. preterm birth and low birth weight complications
2. birth trauma and asphyxia
3. other disorders of infancy
4. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
5. other congenital conditions

Question 16

What are the top 5 burdens of disease in children 5-14yrs?

Answer 16

1. asthma
2. anxiety disorders
3. depressive disorders
4. conduct disorders
   5, upper respiratory conditions

Question 17

what are the top 5 burdens of disease in people 15-24 yrs?

Answer 17

1. suicide and self inflicted injuries
2. anxiety disorders
3. depressive disorders
4. alcohol use disorders
5. asthma

Question 18

true or false, children are one of the largest groups of Australians experiencing homelessness?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are some general considerations for nurses when caring for children with disabilites?

Answer 19

aim to treat every child as though they fully understand what you are saying
speak to a disabled child the same as though you would an able bodied child
give the child time
don’t ‘pitty’ the child or their parent
just ask if you are unsure about how to talk to the child or how they may respond to a procedure, etc,

Question 20

examples of externalising behaviours include;

Answer 20

angry, impulsive, hyperactive, etc.

likely to demand attention from parents and family

Question 21

examples of internalising behaviours include;

Answer 21

withdrawal, worry, fearfulness, becoming easily upset, etc

don’t necessarily draw attention from others

Question 22

what is gestational diabetes?

Answer 22

a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Question 23

when is gestational diabetes diagnosed?

Answer 23

when higher then normal BGL first appear during pregnancy

Question 24

what percentage of women in Australia will develop gestational diabetes?

Answer 24

12-14%

Question 25

what are some things that make women have an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes?

Answer 25

• over 40yrs
• family history of type 2 diabetes
• mother or sister has had gestational diabetes
• above healthy weight range
• ATSI, Melanesian, Polynesian, Chinese, Southeast Asian, Middle East or Indian background
• previously had polycystic ovary syndrome