Module 2: Social Determinants of Health Flashcards
what is epidemiology?
the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why these diseases are occuring
what is an endemic?
a disease that is present permanently in a region or population. example; malaria
what is an epidemic?
an outbreak that affects many people at one time and can spread through one or several communities, they follow a predictable pattern. example; flu, ebola virus
what is a pandemic?
once an epidemic becomes global and affects a large percentage of the population it becomes a pandemic. example; COVID-19
What is primary prevention?
preventing illnesses or diseases before they occur through interventions such as general health promotion and vaccinations
what is secondary prevention?
detecting a disease at its earliest stages, before symptoms appear, this includes cervical screening, PSA blood tests
what is tertiary prevention?
interventions to stop the progress of an established disease, includes physiotherapy
What are the social determinants of health?
social support networks, education, employment & working conditions, social environment, gender, culture, health practices, healthy child development.
What is health education?
it refers to an individualist model which focuses on the individual and individual strategies to improve health by increasing knowledge/ influencing attitudes to alter behaviours and lifestyles.
what is health promotion defined by WHO?
a process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.
What percentage of Australians are estimated to have at least one chronic health condition?
50%
What percentage of death, disease burden and hospitalisations do chronic conditions account for?
death; 87%
disease burden; 61%
hospitalisations; 37%
