MODULE 3: PHARMACY EDUCATION IN THE WORLD AND PHILIPPINES Flashcards
1
Q
K S A
A
K- Instruction Knowledge
S- Training Skills
A- Experience Abilities
2
Q
Evolution of Pharmacy Profession
A
- COMPOUNDING
- DISPENSING
- PATIENT COUNSELING
- MEDICATION MANAGEMENT
3
Q
American Pharmacy Education
A
4
Q
Canadian Pharmacy Education
A
5
Q
Australian Pharmacy Education
A
- undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Pharmacy) for 4 years full-time
- post-graduate degree (Master of Pharmacy)
2 years full-time
6
Q
Asian Countries Pharmacy Education
A
JAPAN
- BSPharmacy (4years)
- PharmD(6 years)
KOREA
- BPharm (2+4 years)
CHINA
- (4+3);
TAIWAN
- BPharm (4 years)
- Pharm D (6 years)
HONG KONG
- BPharm (4 years)
THAILAND
- BS(5 years)
- Pharm D (6 years)
SINGAPORE
- BSPharm (4+1 years)
MALAYSIA
- BPharm (4+1 years)
7
Q
Philippines Pharmacy Education
A
- The first course offered was leading to the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. three-year course
- Was extended to 4 years leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy.
- In 1965, the BS Pharmacy course was increased to five years of study.
- In 1984, the B.S. Pharmacy was reduced to four years.
- In 2016, the 4 yr B S Pharmacy curriculum was revised to include the 3 yr didactic learning and 1 yr internship equivalent to 1200 hours
8
Q
Philippines Pharmacy Education
A
At present the different pharmacy programs offered in the Philippines are as follows:
- Four year B.S. Pharmacy (BSP)
- Five year B S Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy
- Five-Year B.S. Industrial Pharmacy (B.S. IP)
- Six-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)
- Two year post-baccalaureate degree leading to Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
- Two year Master of Science in Pharmacy (MS Pharm)
- Three year Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Ph.D. in Pharm.)
9
Q
Technical Committee for Pharmacy Education
A
- COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
- OFFICE PROGRAMS AND STANDARDS
- TECHNICAL PANEL FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION
- TECHNICA COMMITEES
- Medical Education
- Medical Technology Education
- Radiologic Technology Education
- Physical /Occupational Therapy Education
- Respiratory Therapy Education
- Nursing Education
- Pharmacy Education
- Dental Education
- Nutrition & Dietetics Education
- Midwifery Education
- Optometry Education
10
Q
Technical Committee on Pharmacy Education is Composed of the following:
A
- CHAIRMAN
- CO-CHAIRMAN
- MEMBERS (5)
11
Q
Technical Committee on Pharmacy Education:
A
CHAIRMAN- DR. Aleth Therese Dacanay (UST)
CO-CHAIRMAN - DR. Imelda Pena (ACADEME)
MEMBERS:
1. MS. Ma. Lourdes Santiago (GOVERNMENT)
2. DR. Mildred Oliveros (PRC)
3. DR. Yolanda Robles (FAPA)
4. ATTY. JOSE Maria Ochave (INDUSTRY)
5. MRS. Rosario Barangan (INDUSTRY)
As of Aug 23, 2021
12
Q
SUBJECT: POLICIES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACY PROGRAM
A
CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER no. 25
Series of 2021
13
Q
Policies and Guidelines for rationalizing pharmacy education in the country:
A
Republic Act (RA) No. 7722, otherwise known as the “Higher Education Act of 1994,”
14
Q
Policies and Guidelines for rationalizing pharmacy education in the country:
A
Philippine Pharmacy Act or Republic Act No. 10918, the latest Pharmacy Law
15
Q
Policies and Guidelines for rationalizing pharmacy education in the country:
A
Training Regulations (TR) for NC III Pharmacy Services, Republic Act (RA No. 7796), otherwise known as the TESDA Act, which pertains to the “Establishment and Administration of the National Trade Skills Standards”,
16
Q
Policies and Guidelines for rationalizing pharmacy education in the country:
A
Republic Act No. 10647, otherwise known as the “Ladderized Education Act of 2014, ” in pursuance of an outcome-based quality assurance system as advocated under CMO No. 46 s. 2012, and by virtue of Commission en Banc Resolution No. 340-2017 dated May 2, 2017
17
Q
All private higher education institutions (PHEIs) intending to offer BS Pharmacy must first secure proper authority from the Commission in accordance with these PSGs. All HEIs with an existing BS Pharmacy program are required to shift to an outcomes-based approach as mandated by this PSG. Autonomous and deregulated institutions, state universities and colleges (SUCs), and local colleges and universities (LUCs) should likewise strictly adhere to the provisions in this PSG as stipulated in CMO No.40 s. 2008 “Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education.”
A
ARTICLE II: AUTHORITY TO OPERATE - Section 2 Government Recognition
18
Q
Nature of the Field Study
A
- 4 yr BS Pharmacy degree program
- 169 credit units
- Equivalent to 4,515 hours
- General education subjects (50 units)
- Professional subjects (119 units)
- Internships of 1200 hours on the last year
19
Q
Program Goals
The program aims to produce graduates who can portray the following roles:
A
- PROFESSIONAL PHARMACIST
- PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PROVIDER
- RESEARCHER
- MANAGER AND ENTREPRENEUR
- EDUCATOR
20
Q
Specific Professions/careers/ occupations for graduates
Graduates of the BS Pharmacy program may pursue a career in any of the following areas of pharmacy practice:
A
- Pharmaceutical manufacturing/production,
- Production planning and inventory control,
- Quality assurance,
- Research and development,
- Regulatory affairs,
- Academe,
- Hospital pharmacy,
- Clinical pharmacy,
- Cosmetics industry,
- Veterinary industry,
- Clinical research,
- Government service (Department of Health, Food and Drug Administration, PhilHealth, Professional Regulation Commission, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, Dangerous Drugs Board, and others),
- Health publications,
- Sales or marketing
- Institutional pharmacy (non-pharmaceutical establishments with pharmacy clinics, such as those in the Supreme Court, San Miguel Corp, GSIS, etc)
21
Q
Program Outcomes:
A
(a) The ability to engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast of the developments in the specific field of practice. (PQF level 6 descriptor)
b)The ability to effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino
c)The ability to work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams. (PQF level 6 descriptor)
d)A recognition of professional, social, and ethical responsibility
e)An appreciation of “Filipino historical and cultural heritage” (based on RA No. 7722)
22
Q
Common to all Health-related Professions
Graduates of the BS Pharmacy program shall have the following attributes common to all health-related professions:
A
(a) Demonstrate competence in handling health problems of individuals, families, communities
(b) Demonstrate higher order thinking skills, problem solving, decision-making, logical and critical thinking skills
(c)Subscribe to professional, legal, and ethical practice
(d)Work collaboratively with inter- and multi-professional teams
(e)Communicate proficiently
(f)Engage in self-directed lifelong learning, and
(g)Promote the use of health system approach in the delivery of service
23
Q
Program Outcomes in Bs Pharmacy
A
PRACTICE PHARMACY IN A PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL MANNER
24
Q
Program Outcomes in Bs Pharmacy
A
PROVIDE PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
25
Program Outcomes in Bs Pharmacy
CONDUCT RELEVANT RESEARCH AND DISSEMINATE FINDINGS
26
Program Outcomes in Bs Pharmacy
APPLY MANAGERIAL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
27
Program Outcomes in Bs Pharmacy
COMMUNICATE AND FACILITATE EFFECTIVELY
28
Operational Definition of Program Outcomes:
Practice pharmacy in a professional and ethical manner
- Adhere to legal requirements, practice standards, and code of ethics for the pharmacy profession.
- Apply knowledge & skills in mathematics, health sciences, social sciences, psycho-social sciences, physical sciences, environmental sciences, natural sciences, information technology, and other advanced technologies to the practice of pharmacy.
- Apply suitable techniques and principles in the compounding, storage, manufacture, distribution, administration, and disposal of pharmaceutical (biologicals) products to ensure quality safety & efficacy of products.
29
Operational Definition of Program Outcomes:
Provide pharmaceutical care
- Develop a drug therapy plan appropriate for the patient based on the evaluated patient's health and medication history.
- Provide relevant information in dispensing pharmaceutical products in accordance with practice standards.
- Monitor the patient's progress in achieving specific outcomes and optimize the patient’s health-related quality of life.
- Collaborate effectively with the patients and other members of the healthcare team in accordance with practice standards.
30
Operational Definition of Program Outcomes:
Conduct relevant research and disseminate findings
- Conduct or participate in research activities in accordance to scientific research guidelines and dissemination of findings for utilization
31
Operational Definition of Program Outcomes:
Apply managerial and entrepreneurial skills
- Demonstrate efficient and effective management skills in any organization.
- Demonstrate entrepreneurial skills while ensuring patient safety.
32
Operational Definition of Program Outcomes:
Communicate and facilitate effectively
- Facilitate learning of selected learners for specific purposes (patients, students, peers, support, staff, other health professionals).
- Communicate effectively using culturally appropriate language.
33
BS Pharmacy Curriculum
CEU PROGRAM:
TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITS: 185 units, 5106hrs
Program:
YEARS: 4 years
TOTAL UNITS: 169 credit units
TOTAL HOURS: 4515
HOURS OF INTERNSHIP: 1,200 hours
LICENSURE EXAM: Pharmacy Licensure Example
34
BS Pharmacy First year Credit units
CEU:
1ST:
T: 25 U
LEC: 22 U
LAB: 3 U
2ND:
T: 27 U
LEC: 23 U
LAB: 4 U
1st SEMESTER
TOTAL: 24
LEC: 21
LAB: 3
2nd SEMESTER
TOTAL: 24
LEC: 21
LAB: 3
35
BS Pharmacy Second year Credit units
CEU:
1ST:
T: 26 u
LEC: 19 u
LAB: 7 u
2ND:
T: 29 u
LEC: 24 u
LAB: 5 U
1st SEMESTER
TOTAL: 24
LEC: 17
LAB: 7
2nd SEMESTER
TOTAL: 25
LEC: 21
LAB: 4
36
BS Pharmacy Third year Credit units
CEU:
1ST:
T: 28 u
LEC: 23 u
LAB: 5 u
2ND:
T: 26 u
LEC: 22 u
LAB: 4 u
1st SEMESTER
TOTAL: 24
LEC: 20
LAB: 4
2nd SEMESTER
TOTAL: 24
LEC: 20
LAB: 4
37
BS Pharmacy Fourth year (Internship) Credit units
CEU:
1ST:
T: 12 u
LAB: 12 u
2ND:
T: 12 u
LAB: 12 u
1st SEMESTER
TOTAL: 12
2nd SEMESTER
TOTAL: 12
38
BS Pharmacy Credit units
LECTURE COURSES: 1 unit = 17hrs (120 units, 2040hrs)
LABORATORY COURSES: 1 unit = 51hrs (25 units, 1275hrs)
INTERNSHIP COURSES: 1 unit = 50hrs (24 units, 1200hrs)
TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITS AND HOURS: 24 units, 4515hrs
39
General Education + Mandated courses units
TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITS FOR G.E. COURSES = 5O units
G.E = 3
Math, Science, & Technology = 3
Life and works of Rizal = 3
Physical Education = 8
NSTP = 6
40
Curriculum Design was based on:
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) (published in the 2012 FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce Report)
41
Curriculum Design was based on:
Philippine Pharmacy Act (RA 10918),
42
Curriculum Design was based on:
the Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF)
43
Curriculum Design was based on:
the Philippine Practice Standards for Pharmacists (PhilPSP)
44
Curriculum Design was based on:
other international professional competency standards.
45
CURRICULUM CONTENT
Pharmacy Practice
•Dispensing I & II;
•Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics;
• Pharmacy Administration, Management and Leadership;
•Pharmaceutical Marketing and Entrepreneurship;
•Legal Pharmacy and Ethics;
•Pharmaceutical Manufacturing & Quality Assurance;
•Cosmetics Product Development;
•Hospital Pharmacy;
•Health Technology Assessment, Health Policy & Pharmacoeconomics;
•Social & Administrative Pharmacy ;
• Public Health Pharmacy & Pharmacoepidemiology
46
CURRICULUM CONTENT
Pharmacy Science
•Drug Discovery and Development;
•Biological Sciences;
•Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology;
• Pharmaceutical Toxicology;
•Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
47
CURRICULUM CONTENT
Pharmacy Practice/Internship
•Public Health and Regulatory Pharmacy,
•Hospital Pharmacy,
•Industrial Pharmacy,
•Community Pharmacy, and
• Institutional Pharmacy
48
Section 11. The Philippine Qualifications Framework (Level 6)
Domains
- Knowledge, Skills, and Values
Descriptors
- Graduates at this level have broad and coherent knowledge and skills in their field of study for professional work and lifelong
Learning
49
Section 11. The Philippine Qualifications Framework (Level 6)
Domains
- Application
Descriptors
- Application in professional work or research in a specialized field of discipline and/or for further study
50
Section 11. The Philippine Qualifications Framework (Level 6)
Domains
- Degree of Dependence
Descriptors
- Independent and /or in teams of related field with minimal supervision guided by set procedures that frequently require judgment.
51
Section 11. The Philippine Qualifications Framework (Level 6)
Domains
- Qualification Type
Descriptors
- Baccalaureate Degree
52
ARTICLE VI REQUIRED RESOURCES
Section 14. Program Administration
1. Dean/Program Head
2. Faculty
53
ARTICLE VI REQUIRED RESOURCES
Section 14. Program Administration
(Dean/Program Head)
•Licensed pharmacist
•At least MS degree in pharmacy
•5years teaching experience
•2 years administrative experience
54
ARTICLE VI REQUIRED RESOURCES
Section 14. Program Administration
(Faculty)
- Licensed pharmacist
- Has at least a Master’s degree in Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy, Social & Administrative Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, Public Health Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management
55
Section 15. Library
Library personnel, facilities and holdings conform to existing CHED requirements for libraries
56
Section 16. Laboratory and Physical Facilities
(CLASSROOM REQUIREMENTS)
The school/college/department of pharmacy must provide lecture and laboratory rooms, facilities, materials and equipment that are adequate for instruction, laboratory work and research.
57
Section 16. Laboratory and Physical Facilities
(LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS)
•The school/college/department of pharmacy should have a laboratory coordinator / manager, who is a graduate of pharmacy, to oversee the operations of pharmacy laboratories.
•Separate laboratory rooms for the animal, microbiology and pharmaceutical sciences and research should be provided
58
Section 16. Laboratory and Physical Facilities
(AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT)
There should be separate multimedia facilities consisting of USB-enabled TV, LCD, computers with internet access and other relevant equipment to enhance instruction of professional pharmacy courses.
59
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
•An affiliation fee will be paid by the school to the internship facility.
•The internship may be scheduled any day of the week including holidays during business hours for as long as the supervising licensed pharmacist permits it. The intern should have one day off a week.
60
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
Site
- Institutional
Accredited
- Airline, BSP, San Miguel Corp, PLDT, Meralco, Supreme Court
Hours
- 300 hours
61
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
Site
- Public health and regulatory
Accredited sites
- FDA, DOH, RITM, PDEA
Hours
- 300 hours
62
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
Site
- Hospital
Accredited sites
- Hospitals (private/public)
Hours
- 300 hours
63
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
Site
- Community
Accredited sites
- Drugstore
(chain drugstore)
Hours
- 300 hours
64
ARTICLE VII INTERNSHIP
Section 17 General Guidelines
Site
- Industry
Accredited sites
- Manufacturing firm, distributor
Hours
- 300 hours
65
necessary to drive pharmacy practice forward.
RESEARCH
66
Research on the quality, outcomes and
cost of pharmacy services is essential
for pharmacy practice to evolve in response
to changing healthcare needs and marketplace competition, says the…
ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY
67
defines pharmacy practice research as a component of health services research that focuses on the assessment and evaluation of pharmacy practice
CANADIAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (CPhA)
68
develops strategies, improve outcomes and implement evaluation plans.
PHARMACY RESEARCH EDUCATION
69
concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use and medication management therapies.
CLINICAL PHARMACY RESEARCH
70
deals with assessing and evaluating pharmacy practice while addressing the role(s) of the pharmacist, utilizing a systems-based, patient-centered approach. Both areas are concerned with optimal patient outcomes.
PHARMACY PRACTICE RESEARCH
71
combine a broad range of scientific disciplines that are critical to the discovery and development of new drugs and therapies. Research can involve aspects of chemistry, biology, statistics, chemometrics, mathematics, physics, and chemical engineering.
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
72
applies epidemiological methods and clinical pharmacology to investigate the use, effectiveness and safety of medications in human populations.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY
73
seeks to identify, measure and compare the costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services, often with the goal of optimising the allocation of healthcare resources.
PHARMACOECONOMICS
74
training and specialty is being practiced in the USA and other ASIAN countries
POST GRADUATE RESIDENCY
75
accredits postgraduate residency training programs for pharmacists.
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS (ASHP)
76
elective, though this yearlong experience allows you to apply the knowledge and skills learned in pharmacy school to real patients, situations and settings
POST GRADUATE TRAINING
77
•residency prepares graduate pharmacists for clinical practice
•advantage in the job market, networking contacts and professional mentors, and direction for future career opportunities.
POSTGRADUATE YEAR ONE (PGY-1)
78
- additional yearlong training program that builds on the skills from a PGY-1 residency.
- often referred to as a "specialty" residency due to the training focus — such as critical care, oncology or infectious diseases — and may be offered in combination with other programs, such as a master's degree or a fellowship.
POSTGRADUATE YEAR TWO (PGY-2)
79
The Board of Pharmacy Specialties®
established in 1976
The principal responsibilities of BPS include:
•To grant recognition of appropriate pharmacy practice specialties based on criteria established by BPS.
•To establish standards for certification and recertification of pharmacists in recognized pharmacy practice specialties.
•To grant qualified pharmacists certification and recertification in recognized pharmacy practice specialties.
•To serve as a coordinating agency and information clearinghouse for organizations and pharmacists in recognized pharmacy practice specialties.
•To enhance public/consumer protection by developing effective certification programs for specialty practices
80
Specialty Council
- Ambulatory Care Pharmacy
- Cardiology Pharmacy
- Critical Care Pharmacy
- Geriatric Pharmacy
- Infectious Diseases Pharmacy
- Nuclear Pharmacy
- Nutrition Support Pharmacy
- Oncology Pharmacy
- Pediatric Pharmacy
- Pharmacotherapy
- Psychiatric Pharmacy
81
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION
•Graduation from a pharmacy program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) or a program outside the U.S. that qualifies the individual to practice in the jurisdiction.
•A current, active license to practice pharmacy in the U.S. or another jurisdiction.
•Completion of four (4) years of practice experience** (post-pharmacist licensure) with at least 50% of time spent in specialty area
•Completion of a PGY-1 residency * plus one (1) additional year of practice experience** (post-pharmacist licensure) with at least 50% of time spent in specialty area
Completion of a specialty (PGY-2) residency* in specialty area; and
•Achieving a passing score on the Specialty Certification Examination.
82
This is an act mandating and strengthening the continuing professional development program for all regulated professions, creating the continuing professional development council, and appropriating funds therefor, and for other related purposes.
RA 10912: Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016”.
83
refers to the inculcation of advanced knowledge, skills and ethical values in a post-licensure specialization or in an inter- or multidisciplinary field of study, for assimilation into professional practice, self-directed , research and/or lifelong learning.
Continuing Professional Development or CPD
84
required to have 45 credit units (cu) every three years.
PHARMACY PROFESSION
85
shall create CPD Council composed of Chairperson and 2 members.
•The BOP Chair served as the chairperson.
•The members of Pharmacy CPD council A) Presidents of Philippine Pharmacists Association and
B)Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
Professional Regulatory Board (PRB)
86
CPD Council accredits
•Local CPD Providers
•Foreign CPD Providers.
87
•Individual/Sole Proprietor,
•Firm/Partnership/Corporation,
•Government Institutions/Agencies
Local CPD Providers
88
refers to educational arrangements such as curricular qualifications and teaching-learning requirements that take place in education and training institutions recognized by relevant national authorities, and which lead to diplomas and qualifications;
FORMAL LEARNING
89
refers to learning that has been acquired in addition or alternatively to formal learning, which may be structured and made more flexible according to educational and training arrangements
NON-FORMAL LEARNING
90
recognition, validation and accreditation process, and which can contribute to a qualification;
INFORMAL LEARNING
91
refers to learning activities such as online training, local/international seminars, non degree courses, institution/company-sponsored training programs, and the like, which did not undergo CPD accreditation but may be applied for and awarded CPD units by the respective CPD Council.
SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
92
activities refer to structured or unstructured learning initiatives, which make use of the internet and other web-based Information and Communications Technology solutions;
ONLINE LEARNING
93
experience
PROFESSIONAL WORK
