Module 3: Operating Systems

Question 1

Operating System

Answer 1

Manages the computer’s resources and lets us interact with it

Question 2

Two main parts of an operating system

Answer 2

1. Kernel: Process Manager, Memory Manager, File manager, I/O Manager
2. User Space: Applications

Question 3

What is a Kernel

Answer 3

Main core of OS, talks to hardware and manages system resources.

As Users we don’t interact directly with the Kernel, instead we interact with the user space

Question 4

What is the User Space?

Answer 4

Everything outside of the Kernel, like system programs, applications, User Interfaces etc.

Question 5

Most Common OS

Answer 5

Windows
Mac OS
Linux

Question 6

3 Components to handling Files in an OS

Answer 6

1. Data
2. Metadata
3. File System

Question 7

Major File system Used for Windows

Answer 7

NTFS

Question 8

Major File system for Linux

Answer 8

Different distributions have different file systems, but a major one for Linux is EXT4

Question 9

Block Storage

Answer 9

A method of data storage that improves faster handling of data because the data isn’t stored as one long piece and can be accessed quicker

Question 10

File Metadata

Answer 10

Provides information ABOUT the file, such as file type or extension, owner, last edited, size, etc.

Question 11

Process

Answer 11

A program that is executing, like our internet browser or text editor

Question 12

Program

Answer 12

An application that can be run.

Question 13

Program vs Process

Answer 13

We can run many processes of the same program at the same time, but you can only have one program.

Like opening multiple chrome tabs at the same time.

Question 14

How does a Kernel run a program?

Answer 14

The Kernel starts a process, assigns memory and CPU resources to that process and schedules time for it to run. The CPU then executes the process during it’s allocated time slice. The Kernel also manages how processes are terminated

Question 15

Time Slice

Answer 15

A very short interval of time that get’s allocated to a process for CPU execution.

Question 16

Virtual Memory

Answer 16

The combination of hard drive space and RAM that acts like memory that our processes can use.

Question 17

How is memory allocated to processes when the process is created?

Answer 17

Chunks of data, called pages, are taken from the program.

The pages are then stored in virtual memory

The pages are then sent to the Physical Memory to be read

Question 18

How does the Kernel manage I/O devices?

Answer 18

The Kernel loads up drivers that allows for the communication with the device, as well as manages the transfer of data in and out of the devices

Question 19

Potential Hardware sources of “slow” computer

Answer 19

1. Not enough CPU to execute processes
2. Not enough Ram to load processes
3. Too much input or output from devices

Question 20

What are the two ways that user’s can interact with the OS?

Answer 20

1. Shell
2. GUI

Question 21

The Boot Process

Answer 21

1. Powered on
2. Bios/UEFI initializes the hardware by running a POST TEST
3. Boot Device is selected
4. Searches for a Boot Loader
5. Uses Bootloader to start OS
6. Kernel Gets Loaded
7. Essential System Processes and User Space items are launched