[Module 3] Nutrition Across The Lifespan

Question 1

How many macronutrients does a pregnant women need in terms of:
Protein:
Carbs
Fats

Answer 1

Protein - 60g/day
Carbs - 45-64& of daily caloric intake
Fats - 20-35%

Question 2

This macronutrient increases in pregnancy and decrease in lactation - because it prevents congential and CSN anomalies

Answer 2

Folate

Question 3

these micronutrients should be increase in intake because they’re needed for developmental stage of growing baby

Answer 3

Vit A
Vit E
Hemoglobin
Vit B6
Vit b12
Vit C
Selenium
ZInc

Question 4

Women who breastfeed require approximately ____ additional kcal/day beyond what is recommended for non- pregnant women

Answer 4

500

Question 5

In school age, Adequate____ & ____ intake are important to ensure good teeth and bone growth (musculoskeletal development)

Answer 5

Calcium and Fluoride

Question 6

A major deficit in school age is what?

Answer 6

fiber, since they dislike vegetables (typically)

Question 7

how many months is considered to be an infant?

Answer 7

1-12months

Question 8

A healthy child from birth to 1 year should receive around ____ kcal/kg/day. Neonatal caloric requirements are higher at about _______ kcal/kg/day

Answer 8

100 kcal/kg/day

110-135kcal/kg/day

Question 9

Best food during the first 12 months of life

Answer 9

b reast milk

Question 10

when should you likely to introduce solid food to infants?

Answer 10

4-6months

Question 11

During childhood stage, Sedentary children ages 1 to 3 years should be ____ kcal daily; active children - may need up to _____ kcal daily. Calories are best supplied by a variety of foods spaced into three meals a day.

Answer 11

1000kcal/day
1400kcal/day

Question 12

what are the 6 causes of obesity?

Answer 12

1. Energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended
2. Genetics (10% chance of becoming obese if family history exist)
3. Environment (obesogenic environment)
4. Poor Diet (eg. processed goods, canned goods, sweets, sodas)
5. Medical reason (cushing’s syndrome -hyperactive production of steroid)
6. Behavior pattern (lifestyle, sleep late)

Question 13

Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity are?

Answer 13

1. Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (diabetes & hypertension- complications: chronic kidney disease)
2. Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death, and disability in adulthood
3. Low self-esteem and negative body image
4. Increased need for medical care & loss of productivity from disability & death

Question 14

5 strategies for weight loss

Answer 14

Eating style
Behavior change method
Physical Activity
Weight loss drugs
Weight loss surgery

Question 15

how do you estimate portions using the palm of your hand?

Answer 15

Very lean protein in one, and higher fiber grain or healthy starchy vegetable/starchy bean dish in the other palm.

Question 16

____ mins of daily moderate physical activity to maintain weight loss

Answer 16

60-90mins

Question 17

Prescription weight loss drugs are approved only for clients with a BMI above __, or a BMI of ___ and above with associated diseases such as____, ____, and ___

Answer 17

[BMI] 30, 27

[Associated with] hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia

Question 18

Top 5 most prescribed weight loss drugs

Answer 18

1. Orlistat – prevents absorption of fat from food into body
2. Lorcaserin – promote feelings of fullness, thus encouraging users to eat less
3. Phentermine + Topiramate – decreases appetite and causes a feeling of early satiety
4. Bupropion + Naltrexone – controls hunger and eating
5. Liraglutide – causes weight loss

Question 19

It is estimated that 9% to 10% of adult women suffer from compulsive-type eating problems. Men represent 10% to 15% of people affected by an eating disorder.

Answer 19

Anorexia and bulimia.

Question 20

Is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self- starvation and excessive weight loss.
Common in women than men.
The reduction in calories causes altered metabolism, hair loss, low blood pressure, weakness, amenorrhea, brain damage and even death.

Answer 20

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 21

An eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating combined with a fear of becoming fat, usually followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting or excessive exercise.

Answer 21

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 22

Also known as guilty eating

Answer 22

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 23

Strategies to Combat Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 23

1. Plan meals and snacks; record plans in a food diary prior to eating.
2. Plan meals and snacks that require eating at the table and using utensils.
3. Refrain from finger foods
4. Refrain from fasting or skipping meals.

Question 24

Assists in bone mineralization and helps prevent calcium from accumulating in blood vessels.

Answer 24

Vitamin k12

Question 25

Necessary for calcium to absorbed in the intestine.

Answer 25

Vitamin D

Question 26

Increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption.

Answer 26

Potassium

Question 27

Allows for proper calcium and vitamin D regulation.

Answer 27

Magnesium

Question 28

Necessary to bulld and maintain strong bones and teeth.

Answer 28

Calcium

Question 29

Type of diet that
Contains food that are modified in texture. Pureed food diets include pureed foods; mechanically altered and soft food diets may include solid foods that are mashed, minced, ground or soft.

Answer 29

Mechanically altered diet

Question 30

Contains fluids and foods that are blenderized to liquid form. [type of diet]

Answer 30

Blenderized Liquid diet

Question 31

Contains clear fluids or foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave minimal residue in the colon. [type of diet]

Answer 31

Clear liquid diet

Question 32

when should mechanically altered diet be administered?

Answer 32

people with swallowing difficulty, poor lip and tongue control or oral hypersensitivity

Question 33

when does blenderized diet implemented?

Answer 33

people with swallowing difficulty, poor lip and tongue control or oral hypersensitivity

Question 34

Clear liquid diet is for?

Answer 34

For preparation for bowel surgery or colonoscopy, for acute GI

Question 35

uses for fat restrictive diet.

Answer 35

For people who have malabsorptive disorders or symptoms of diarrhea, flatulence, or steatorrhea (fecal fat) resulting from dietary fat tolerance

Question 36

Uses for low fiber diet is ?

Answer 36

For acute phases of intestinal disorders or to reduce fecal output before surgery. Not recommended for long term use.

Question 37

Low sodium diet is used to treat….

Answer 37

lower blood pressure or prevent fluid retention; used in hypertension, heart failure, renal disease and liver disease.

Question 38

High – calorie, high protein diet is used for?

Answer 38

patients with high calorie and protein requirements (due to cancer,AIDS, burns, trauma and other conditions); also used to reverse malnutrition, improve nutritional status, or promote weight gain.