[Module 3] Nutrition Across The Lifespan Flashcards
How many macronutrients does a pregnant women need in terms of:
Protein:
Carbs
Fats
Protein - 60g/day
Carbs - 45-64& of daily caloric intake
Fats - 20-35%
This macronutrient increases in pregnancy and decrease in lactation - because it prevents congential and CSN anomalies
Folate
these micronutrients should be increase in intake because they’re needed for developmental stage of growing baby
Vit A
Vit E
Hemoglobin
Vit B6
Vit b12
Vit C
Selenium
ZInc
Women who breastfeed require approximately ____ additional kcal/day beyond what is recommended for non- pregnant women
500
In school age, Adequate____ & ____ intake are important to ensure good teeth and bone growth (musculoskeletal development)
Calcium and Fluoride
A major deficit in school age is what?
fiber, since they dislike vegetables (typically)
how many months is considered to be an infant?
1-12months
A healthy child from birth to 1 year should receive around ____ kcal/kg/day. Neonatal caloric requirements are higher at about _______ kcal/kg/day
100 kcal/kg/day
110-135kcal/kg/day
Best food during the first 12 months of life
b reast milk
when should you likely to introduce solid food to infants?
4-6months
During childhood stage, Sedentary children ages 1 to 3 years should be ____ kcal daily; active children - may need up to _____ kcal daily. Calories are best supplied by a variety of foods spaced into three meals a day.
1000kcal/day
1400kcal/day
what are the 6 causes of obesity?
- Energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended
- Genetics (10% chance of becoming obese if family history exist)
- Environment (obesogenic environment)
- Poor Diet (eg. processed goods, canned goods, sweets, sodas)
- Medical reason (cushing’s syndrome -hyperactive production of steroid)
- Behavior pattern (lifestyle, sleep late)
Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity are?
- Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (diabetes & hypertension- complications: chronic kidney disease)
- Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death, and disability in adulthood
- Low self-esteem and negative body image
- Increased need for medical care & loss of productivity from disability & death
5 strategies for weight loss
Eating style
Behavior change method
Physical Activity
Weight loss drugs
Weight loss surgery
how do you estimate portions using the palm of your hand?
Very lean protein in one, and higher fiber grain or healthy starchy vegetable/starchy bean dish in the other palm.
____ mins of daily moderate physical activity to maintain weight loss
60-90mins
Prescription weight loss drugs are approved only for clients with a BMI above __, or a BMI of ___ and above with associated diseases such as____, ____, and ___
[BMI] 30, 27
[Associated with] hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia
Top 5 most prescribed weight loss drugs
- Orlistat – prevents absorption of fat from food into body
- Lorcaserin – promote feelings of fullness, thus encouraging users to eat less
- Phentermine + Topiramate – decreases appetite and causes a feeling of early satiety
- Bupropion + Naltrexone – controls hunger and eating
- Liraglutide – causes weight loss
It is estimated that 9% to 10% of adult women suffer from compulsive-type eating problems. Men represent 10% to 15% of people affected by an eating disorder.
Anorexia and bulimia.
Is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self- starvation and excessive weight loss.
Common in women than men.
The reduction in calories causes altered metabolism, hair loss, low blood pressure, weakness, amenorrhea, brain damage and even death.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating combined with a fear of becoming fat, usually followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting or excessive exercise.
Bulimia Nervosa
Also known as guilty eating
Bulimia Nervosa
Strategies to Combat Bulimia Nervosa
- Plan meals and snacks; record plans in a food diary prior to eating.
- Plan meals and snacks that require eating at the table and using utensils.
- Refrain from finger foods
- Refrain from fasting or skipping meals.
Assists in bone mineralization and helps prevent calcium from accumulating in blood vessels.
Vitamin k12
Necessary for calcium to absorbed in the intestine.
Vitamin D
Increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption.
Potassium
Allows for proper calcium and vitamin D regulation.
Magnesium
Necessary to bulld and maintain strong bones and teeth.
Calcium
Type of diet that
Contains food that are modified in texture. Pureed food diets include pureed foods; mechanically altered and soft food diets may include solid foods that are mashed, minced, ground or soft.
Mechanically altered diet
Contains fluids and foods that are blenderized to liquid form. [type of diet]
Blenderized Liquid diet
Contains clear fluids or foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave minimal residue in the colon. [type of diet]
Clear liquid diet
when should mechanically altered diet be administered?
people with swallowing difficulty, poor lip and tongue control or oral hypersensitivity
when does blenderized diet implemented?
people with swallowing difficulty, poor lip and tongue control or oral hypersensitivity
Clear liquid diet is for?
For preparation for bowel surgery or colonoscopy, for acute GI
uses for fat restrictive diet.
For people who have malabsorptive disorders or symptoms of diarrhea, flatulence, or steatorrhea (fecal fat) resulting from dietary fat tolerance
Uses for low fiber diet is ?
For acute phases of intestinal disorders or to reduce fecal output before surgery. Not recommended for long term use.
Low sodium diet is used to treat….
lower blood pressure or prevent fluid retention; used in hypertension, heart failure, renal disease and liver disease.
High – calorie, high protein diet is used for?
patients with high calorie and protein requirements (due to cancer,AIDS, burns, trauma and other conditions); also used to reverse malnutrition, improve nutritional status, or promote weight gain.
