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Module 3 > Module 3: Nervous system cells and resting membrane potential > Flashcards

Module 3: Nervous system cells and resting membrane potential Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the NS?

A
  1. sensory input
  2. integration
  3. motor output
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2
Q

what are the 3 components to resting membrane potential?

A
  1. neurons
  2. glia
  3. nerves
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3
Q

What is a cell body?

A

integrates all inputs it receives

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4
Q

what is are dendrites?

A

receives input from other neurons

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5
Q

what is an axon?

A
  1. sends output signals to the next neuron
  2. generates and propagates action potentials
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6
Q

what are some examples of neurons?

A
  1. multipolar: Multiple poles: dendrites and axons.
  2. bipolar: found in eyes, has 2 poles: 1 axon and 1 dendrite
  3. unipolar: found in sensory organs like touch has 1 pole off body, then the axon and dendrite come off of that
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7
Q

where do neurons get their energy from?

A

membrane potential

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8
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of neurons?

A

-70mV

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9
Q

how many and where are the glial cells?

A
  1. 4 in CNS
  2. 2 in PNS
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10
Q

what are glial cells?

A

non-electrical cells in the CNS and PNS, holding them together and maintaining the structure

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11
Q

what are the 4 glial cells in the CNS?

A
  1. astrocyte
  2. oligodendrocyte
  3. microglia
  4. ependymal cells
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12
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A
  1. form blood-brain barrier
  2. regulate ion and neurotransmitter levels
  3. structural support
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13
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

myelinate axons

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14
Q

What do microglia do?

A

immune cells of the CNS

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15
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

line ventricles

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16
Q

what are the 2 glial cells in the PNS?

A
  1. satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
17
Q

what does a satellite cell do?

A
  1. surround cell bodies in ganglia
  2. regulate nutrient, gas and neurotransmitter levels around neurons
18
Q

what does a Schwann cell do?

A

myelinate axons

19
Q

where are membrane potentials found?

A

in all cells of the body

20
Q

how is a membrane potential caused?

A

by a difference of ions on either side of a membrane, which creates a voltage as the opposite ions are attracted to each other through the membrane, creating a voltage

21
Q

is membrane potential a general or local charge?

A

local

22
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of neurons?

A

-70mV

23
Q

How is membrane potential generated?

A
  1. differences in ionic composition of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
  2. differences in membrane permeability to ions
24
Q

why is the resting membrane potential of neurons -70mV?

A
  1. difference in ionic composition: more Na+,K+, Cl- and -ve proteins on either side of the ECF and ICF end up at -70mV
  2. difference in membrane permeability to ions: lots of K+ leakage channels, a few Na+ leakage channels allow for passive transport down the gradient, ending in -70mV

Module 3 (7 decks)

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