module 3: learning outcomes

Question 1

describe the partial pressure changes that occur during respiration (both in the airways and the blood) and explain how this facilitates the movement of o2 from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries

Question 2

apply your knowledge of respiratory volumes and the dynamics of airflow to explain respiratory changes in obstructive and restrictive airway diseases

Question 3

describe the mechanisms by which gas exchange occurs in both lungs and peripheral tissues

Question 4

describe the factors underlying the chemical control of breathing and explain why they are not affected by exercise

Question 5

describe the purpose of the respiratory system, and the 4 steps involved in external respiration

Question 6

describe the role of the respiratory muscles in both inspiration and expiration

Question 7

describe the purpose of the pleural space

Question 8

describe the diff pressures involved in the mechanics of breathing

Question 9

applying the law of Laplace, describe why alveoli do not collapse

Question 10

describe the pressure changes that occur to enable inhalation and expiration

Question 11

describe the pressure-volume relationship of the lung

Question 12

describe how changes in bronchiolar radius affect air flow

Question 13

compare and contrast how asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema affect air flow

Question 14

describe what is meant by a “restrictive” airway disease

Question 15

describe the diff lung volumes and why they are important

Question 16

describe how lung volumes are affected in obstructive and restrictive lung diseases

Question 17

using the formula for minute ventilation, make an argument as to whether it is better to increase frequency of breathing or tidal volume in order to increase ventilation

Question 18

describe what is meant by the “work” of breathing

Question 19

describe the importance of partial pressures for gas exchange

Question 20

describe how arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide always return to the same values for circulation to the tissues

Question 21

describe gas exchange across the capillary walls

Question 22

describe the importance of capillary transit time in gas exchange

Question 23

describe hemoglobin and why it is important for gas transport

Question 24

describe the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and explain the dissociation curve and explain the importance of the steep slope around PO2 = 40 mmHg and the plateau around PO2=100 mmHg

Question 25

outline the factors that affect the dissociation curve

Question 26

describe how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

Question 27

describe the neural control of respiration

Question 28

describe the diff mechanical receptors involved in respiration

Question 29

describe the chemical control of breathing

Question 30

explain how ventilation changes during exercise