Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histopathology Lec&Lab > MODULE 3 - Infiltration/Impregnation > Flashcards

MODULE 3 - Infiltration/Impregnation Flashcards

1
Q

Main reason why we do Infiltration

A

To remove clearing agents from tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2nd reason why we do Infiltration

A

to fill up cavities and tissue spaces

to give firm consistency for easy cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The most commonly used and rapid infiltration method

A

Paraffin wax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advantages of using paraffin wax infiltration method

A

For serial sections

Compatible for any staining procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prolonged process using paraffin wax will cause

A

tissue shrinkage and hardening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inadequate process when using paraffin wax will cause

A

retention of clearing agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Paraffin wax infiltration method is not used for ______.

A

fatty tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Melting point for routine work in paraffin infiltration method

A

56 degrees celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This method of paraffin wax needs autotechnicon and is more rapid than manual

A

automatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This method of paraffin wax needs an oven to keep the wax melted

A

manual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many changes of wax is needed in manual paraffin wax method? In what interval?

A

4 changes

15 minutes interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This paraffin wax infiltration method is more rapid than manual

A

Automatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Automatic can cause shorter processing time because of these variables

A

heat and agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vacuum is under _________ and is the most ___________.

A

negative atmospheric pressure in the oven

RAPID of all paraffin wax infiltration method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vacuum is recommended for?

A

urgent biopsies

lungs, brain, eyes, spleen and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enumerate different substitutes for paraffin wax

A 
Paraplast
Embeddol
Bioloid 
Ester wax
Tissue mat
Carbowax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It is used for eye specimens

A

bioloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

it is a mixture of highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers

A

paraplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Melting point of paraplast

A

56-57 degrees Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Paraplast is used for

A

bones and brains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

it is similar to paraplast but has a melting point of 56-57 degrees Celsius

A

embeddol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

wax with a much lower melting point

A

ester wax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the melting point of ester wax

A

46-48 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

it is harder than paraffin and thus requires ____________

A

ester wax, heavy duty microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ester wax is soluble to?

and what is the effect of this on processes?

A

alcohol

it will not require clearing process, only dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Product of paraffin with rubber

A

tissue mat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

– a water soluble wax for enzyme histochemistry

A

Carbowax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Carbowax advantage and disadvantage?

A

it will not require both dehydration and clearing process

tissues will not be able to float out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Remedy for carbowax

A

Soap to water

10% polyethylene glycol 900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Celloidin is also known as

A

Collodion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Celloidin is soluble in

A

alcohol and ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Celloidin is a purified form of

A

nitrocellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many percent of celloidin solutions is dissolved in ____________?

A

4.8%

dissolved in equal parts of alcohol and ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Celloidin is used for

A

Large and hollow specimens that tends to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Disadvantage of using celloidin

A

Does not require heat, VERY slow, thin sections,

sections for photomicrography are difficult to obtain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Process of infiltration that does not require heat

A

Celloidin and gelatin

37
Q

In methods of cellodin infiltration, enumerate the concentration and duration for thin, medium and thick specimens

A

Thin- 2-4% , 3-5 days
Medium- 4-6% 3-5 days
Thick- 8-12% for 5-7 days

38
Q

Wet celloidin is used for

A

bones, brain, teeth and whole organs

39
Q

What should be used for storage of wet celloidin method

A

70% alcohol

40
Q

Dry celloidin is used for

A

Eye specimen

41
Q

What should be used for dry celloidin storage?

A

Gilson’s method- chloroform + cedarwood oil

42
Q

Disadvantage of using LVN

A

highly explosive

cracking of tissues

43
Q

Advantage of using LVN

A

produces harder tissue block

thinner sections to cut

44
Q

To prevent cracking of tissues in LVN what should be done

A

add plasticizers

Oleum recini and castor oil

45
Q

Type of infiltration method that is RARELY used

A

Gelatin

46
Q

Steps in doing gelation method

A

1st step- put specimen in container 10% gelatin and 1% phenol for 24 hrs
2nd step- put in 20% gelatin and 1% phenol for 12 hrs
3rd step- put in 20% gelatin and 1% phenol and refrigerate until impregnation and embedding is complete

47
Q

What should be added to gelatin method in order to prevent formation of molds?

A

phenol

48
Q

Gelatin method is ___________ and is used for ______________.

A

water-soluble

frozen sections and enzyme histochemistry

49
Q

in gelatin infiltration method, tissue for processing should not be _______

A

2-3 mm thick

50
Q

EMBEDDING is also known as

A

CASTING / BLOCKING

51
Q 
Placing infiltrated tissue in a mold containing the embedding medium which is allowed to solidify
A. Fixation
B. Dehydration
C. Clearing
D. Embedding
A

D

52
Q

Requirements for embedding

A

Embedding mold, medium and infiltrated tissue

53
Q

Temperature of melted paraffin used for embedding

A

5-10 degrees above its melting point

54
Q

To allow solidification of block in embedding, what can be done?

A
  1. put in -5 degrees refrigerator

2. put in cold water

55
Q

cutting off excess paraffin wax to form a four-sided prism

A

trimming

56
Q

What is double-embedding

A

different infiltration and embedding medium.

Ex. infiltrate- celloidin, embedding- paraffin wax

57
Q

Enumerate the non-disposable of embedding molds

A

Leuckhart’s
Compoung embedding unit
Plastic embedding ring and base molds
Tissue tek

58
Q

Enumerate the disposable embedding molds

A

Peel-away
Paper boat
Plastic ice tray

59
Q

Type of embedding mold that – consist of 2 L- shaped strips of heavy brass or metal

A

Leuckhart’s

60
Q

What does peel-away molds do

A

produce perfect blocks without trimming

61
Q

Type of Embedding mold that is economical and easy to prepare

A

paper boat

62
Q

disadvantage and advantage of using leukhart’s

A

need to assemble

can produce different sizes of tissue blocks

63
Q

What should be done when using plastic ice trays

A

need to smear the inner wall with glycerin for easy for removal of tissue blocks

64
Q

PLASTIC (RESINS) Embedding is used for

A

EM, high resolution for LM

65
Q

For extremely hard tissues, what can be used

A

Expoxy, Polyester and Acrylic

66
Q

Enumerate chemicals under expoxy

A

Bisphenol
Glycerol
Cyclohexane dioxide

67
Q

Type of plastic (resins) embedding that is rarely used and for EM

A

Polyester

68
Q

Enumerate chemicals under Acrylic

A

MMA and GMA

69
Q

the most critical stage of tissue processing

A

dehydration

70
Q

It facilitates complete removal of transition solvents, and

prolongs the life of wax by reducing solvent contamination

A

Vacuum Embedding

71
Q

The degree of the vacuum should not exceed

A

500 mm

72
Q

the tissue should not be left in the paraffin oven for ________

A

more than 4 hours.

73
Q

Carbowax technique is suitable for

A

enzyme histochemical studies

74
Q

carbowax is _______ in nature

A

hygroscopic

75
Q

Celloidin is a purified form of nitrocellulose soluble in many solvents, suitable for specimens with large hollow cavities which tend to collapse, for hard and dense tissues such as ____________

A

bones, teeth and for large tissue sections of the whole embryo.

76
Q

recommended for processing of neurological tissues.

A

celloidin

77
Q

It is used as an embedding medium for delicate specimens and frozen
tissue sections

A

gelatin

78
Q

Usually, embedding medium is miscible with water

True or False

A

False

79
Q

The process by which a tissue is arranged in precise positions in the mold during embedding, on the microtome before cutting, and on the slide before staining, is known as ________

A

Orientation.

80
Q

Generally speaking, the surface of the section to be cut should be placed __________ to the bottom of the mold in which it is oriented.

A

parallel

81
Q

made up of a series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments

A

Compound Embedding Unit

82
Q

Blocks produced are even, with parallel sides, and with a fairly shaped initial setting of the wax.

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold

83
Q

consist of a special stainless steel base mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring, which later serves as the block holder during cutting.

A

Plastic Embedding Rings and Base Mold

84
Q

equipped with a warm plate to manage the impregnated specimen, and a cold plate at -5°C for rapid solidification of the block

A

Tissue Tek

85
Q

This is used to facilitate cutting of large blocks of dense firm tissues like the brain

A

Double-Embedding

86
Q

Radicals can be produced spontaneously by

A

heat or light

87
Q

widely used for bone histomorphometry and bone marrow

hematopathology.

A

Acrylic plastics based on methyl methacrylate (MMA)

88
Q

type of embedding that causes almost complete loss of

enzyme activity and protein antigenicity in the tissues

A

mma

Histopathology Lec&Lab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions