Module 3 Hemodynamics Crap Flashcards
Generally Define:
Cardiac Output [CO]
Volume of blood pumped out of the heart per unit of time [L/min]
Generally Define:
Stroke volume [SV]
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle w/each contraction
Generally Define:
Blood Pressure [BP]
Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels
Generally Define:
Mean Arterial Pressure [MAP]
Average driving pressure that propels blood from the left ventricle to the body back into the right atrium during a cardio cycle
- perfusion pressure seen by organs
Generally Define:
Central Venous Pressure [CVP]
Pressure of the blood within the superior and inferior vena cava during diastole when the tricuspid valve is open and unobstructed
Generally Define:
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure [PAP]
Blood pressure found in the pulmonary artery
Generally Define:
Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure [MPAP]
Average blood pressure found in the pulmonary artery
Generally Define:
Systemic vascular resistance [SVR]
Pressure needed to produce blood pressure aka flow of blood
Cor Pulmonale
Condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail; usually bc of high blood pressure or right ventricle being really fucking big.
can’t efficiently pump blood
Generally Define:
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance [PVR]
Resistance against blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the left atrium
What are the 4 Anti Arrhythmic drug classes?
- Sodium channel blockers
- Beta blockers
- Potassium channel blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Mechanics of action for class I anti arrhythmic drugs?
- List a commonly used drug
Class I = Sodium Channel Blockers
- Suppress ventricular arrhythmias
- Lidocaine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate
Why are sodium channel blockers at risk of causing cardiogenic shock, hypotension, respiratory depression, tachycardia, or bradycardia?
Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reducing cell excitability and reduces conduction velocity.
- Mechanics of action for class II anti arrhythmic drugs?
- List a commonly used drug
Class II = Beta blockers
- Block beta adrenergic receptors; reducing effects of circulating catecholamines
- Metoprolol, propranolol, labetalol
Define Catecholamine
A type of neurohormone used in stress responses
- Dopamine, norepinephrine , epinephrine
- Mechanics of action for class III anti arrhythmic drugs?
- List a commonly used drug
Class III = potassium channel blockers
- Anti arrhythmic (improper beating heart)
- prolong duration of action potentials (repolarization delayed)
- Vasodilator
- Amiodarone
- Mechanics of action for class IV anti arrhythmic drugs?
- List a commonly used drug
Class IV = calcium channel blocker
- Inhibit/Slow reuptake of calcium ions into smooth endothelial cells
- Diltiazem, Verapimil
What is pulse pressure?
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Reps the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.
Pulse pressure: what do the following values indicate?
- Greater than 60
- Less than 40
- Risk for CV disease
- Poor heart function
Why do we measure Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
Best indicator of overall perfusion; determines afterload on the Left ventricle
Briefly describe afterload
Amount of pressure the heart needs to eject blood during contraction
Define preload
Amount of stretch when blood fills the ventricle
What is a abnormal MAP
MAP < 60 mmHg
Indicates impaired tissue perfusion
What represents aortic valve closure in a ECG?
Diacrotic notch
How is CVP affected by spont. resp. and PPV?
Spont Resp = Decreased CVP
PPV = Increased CVP due to elevated intrathoracic pressures
How is PAP monitoring performed?
Distal port of the millilumen catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery; continuously monitored
How is PAWP obtained?
Balloon port is in the same catheter for monitoring PAP; inflated until the pulmonary artery is blocked and pressure reading is taken.
Normal PAWP value?
6-12 mmHg
What do we correlate to confirm pulmonary edema?
PAWP
Provides an estimate of pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and determines the amount of back pressure
Difference between PADP and PAWP?
PADP - estimates LV filling pressure; continous
PAWP - can only be measured when PAC balloon is inflated
What measures preload for the right side of the heart?
PAP/CVP
What measures preload for the left side of the heart?
PAWP
Factors that determine afterload?
Any factors that affect
- vasoconstriction = increase afterload
- vasodilation = decrease afterload
Best measure of afterload for the left side of the heart?
MAP (continous)
Best measure of afterload for the right side of the heart
MPAP
What is the best indicator of perfusion?
MAP
Normal BP?
100-140/60-90 mmHg
BP would increased/decreased if the transducer for an artline is below the RA?
Increased