Module 3-Healthy Heart And Lungs Flashcards
What is blood composed of ?
Different types of cells floating in a liquid called plasma.
What does blood contain?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What do Red Blood cells do?
Transport oxygen and contain the pigment Haemoglobin
What are white blood cells part of?
The immune system
What do white blood cells do?
Destroy bacteria and foreign particles, i.e. viruses
What are the 2 main types of white blood cells called, and what do they do?
Phagocytes-carry out phagocytosis by engulfing in bacteria
Lymphocytes-produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses
What do Vaccines allow?
A dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced
What do Platelets help with?
They help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood around the body
What is the heart made of?
Cardiac muscles
How long does the heart pump for?
It pumps continuously
How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called?
The heart has 4 chambers, the Left Ventricle, the Left Atrium, the Right Ventricle, the Right Atrium
What can a pulse be?
A health indicator
If a person is healthy, should there resting heart rate be low, or high?
Low, the healthier the person the lower there heart rate
Is having a high pulse rate healthy or unhealthy? And what are the results of it?
It’s is unhealthy and can lead to heart attacks or strokes
What low-tech methods are there for measuring your pulse rate?
A stop watch and fingertips, or a stethoscope
What high tech methods are there for measuring pulse rate?
A pulsometer or heart rate monitor linked to a computer
What do Arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do veins do?
Carry blood back to the heart
What do veins contain?
Valves
What do valves do?
Help prevent back flow of blood
What are Capillaries?
They are Small Vessels which form a network between arteries and veins
What is Oxygenated blood rich in?
Oxygen
What is DeOxygenated blood rich in?
Carbon Dioxide
What are the four major blood vessels leading to and from the heart?
The aorta, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary vein, and the vena cava
What does the aorta do?
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
What does the Vena Cava do?
Returns DeOxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
What does the Pulmonary Artery do?
It carries DeOxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
What does the Pulmonary Vein do?
It returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
What side of the heart is thicker, and why?
The left hand side of the heart is thicker since it has to pump blood all around the body, whereas the right hand side only has to pump it to the lungs
What does the Coronary Artery do?
Supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated blood.
What is blood pressure?
When the heart contracts and pumps blood into arteries under pressure
What can blood pressure be measured with?
A stethoscope
When does systolic pressure occur?
When the heart beats and pumps blood into the arteries
When does Diastolic pressure occur?
It occurs between heart beats when the heart relaxes and fills with blood
What is the average blood pressure of an adult?
Between 120mmGh and 80mmgH
What does blood pressure greater than 160/90mmGh indicate?
High blood pressure
What is high blood pressure caused by?
Being overweight, lack of exercise, incorrect diet (fat-salt), drinking alcohol excessively, and stress
What can high blood pressure cause?
Heart attacks and strokes
What can low blood pressure cause?
Fainting and heart failure
What do lungs do?
They inflate to take air into the body, and deflate to remove air from the body
What does the windpipe do?
It allows air to flow from the mouth or nose towards the lungs
What are Bronchi?
They are the 2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs
What are Bronchioles?
Branches from the Bronchi which lead to air sacs
What do air sacs do?
They allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide top pass from the blood to the lungs
What do Ribs do?
They shield the lungs from damage
What are Air sacs surrounded by?
Capillaries
What is breathing rate?
The number of breaths you can take in one minute
What can cause your breathing rate to alter?
Your level of activity, your age, your gender, your fitness, and your state of health
What does exercise result in?
Faster, deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles and get rid of waste Carbon Dioxide
What is recovery time?
The time required after exercise for rate of breathing to return to normal
What does a short recovery time indicate?
Fitness
What can the efficiency of the lungs be measured by?
Tidal Volume, vital capacity, and peak flow
What is Tidal Volume?
The volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath
What can make Tidal Volume vary?
Body size, age, sex, & level of fitness
What is vital Capacity?
A measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can breath out after taking in as deep a breath as possible
What can make Vital Capacity vary?
Body size, age, sex, & level of fitness
What is Peak flow?
The maximum rate that you can blow air out of you lungs measured using a peak flow meter
What is Asthma?
A respiratory condition in which the air passages (bronchioles) become narrower making breathing difficulty causing wheezing
