Module 2-Food And Digestion Flashcards
What are the nutrients that food contain?
Carbohydrates
Fibre
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
How much nutrients are in each food?
Different foods contain different nutrients, and some foods may not contain all nutrients
What is a balanced diet?
To consume a healthy amount of the 7 nutrients
What do carbohydrates supply us with?
Energy
What are the 2 two main types of carbohydrate?
Sugar-fast releasing energy
Starch-slow releasing energy
What is fibre?
A carbohydrate, but it is into able to be digested
How does fibre help our digestive system?
By adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract
What do Proteins do?
They help us to grow and repair our body tissue
What do fats provide?
Energy that can be stored, and insulation.
What do vitamins and minerals help to prevent?
Diseases
Why is water needed?
For chemical reactions and to transport materials around our bodies
When does malnutrition occur?
When the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients
What is a deficiency disease?
When the diet lacks one particular nutrient in the diet
How can you find the nutrients in a food?
Take samples of food and test them
How do you make a solution for testing to see what nutrients are in it?
If its a solid you need ground it up in water and then filter it
What is Iodine solution used to test for?
Starch
In the presence of starch what colour does Iodine turn to?
From Red-Brown to Blue-Black
What is Benedicts solution used to test for?
Reducing sugars
What must happen to the Benedict’s solution and sample during the test for Reducing Sugars?
They must both be heated
What colour does Benedict’s Solution change to if reducing sugars are present?
Blue to Orange
What is Biuret’s solution used to test for?
Protein
In the presence of Protein what colour does Biuret’s solution become?
Blue to Violet
What are complex carbohydrates made from?
Many small units called SUGAR molecules
What are Proteins made up of?
Many small units called AMINO ACIDS
What are fats made of?
Many SUBUNITS called FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROL
What do humans use their teeth for?
To bite and chew food, and mechanically break the large pieces down into smaller ones
Does each type of tooth have its own use?
Yes
What are canines used for?
Ripping and Tearing
What are Incisors used for?
Slicing and cutting
What are molars and pre-molars used for?
Crushing and grinding
What is Digestion?
The process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules, that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
What is the Digestive system made up of?
The alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus
What does the stomach have?
Layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices
How are the products of digestion absorbed?
They are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestines
What is the structure of the small intestine?
It’s very long, its inner wall is highly folded into villi presenting a large surface area for absorption
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material
What is the unwanted waste material called?
Faeces
What do digestive juices contain?
They contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells which help to speed up chemical reactions
What controls all the reactions that take place in cells?
Enzymes
Does each biological reaction have its own specific enzyme?
Yes
What is the substance that an enzyme acts on called?
It’s substrate
What are the substances produced called?
Products
If an enzyme has not been changed can it be used again?
Yes
What does Amylase speed up?
The breakdown of starch into simple sugars
Where is Amylase produced?
In the cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas
What does Protease do?
Speed up the breakdown of protein into amino acids
What does Lipase do?
Speeds up the breakdown of fats into fatty acids into glycerol
What is kwashiorkor caused by and what are the symptoms?
Lack of protein; swelling, and amnesia
What is scurvy caused by and what are the symptoms?
Lack of Vitamin C; swollen bleeding gums, weakness, pain
What is rickets caused by and what are the symptoms?
lack of Vitamin D or Calcium; soft, deformed bones
What are eye disorders caused by and what are there symptoms?
Lack of Vitamin A; night blindness, cloudy cornea, blindness
What is Anaemia caused by and what are its symptoms?
Lack of iron; paleness, tiredness
