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BIOLOGY S2 > Module 2-Food And Digestion > Flashcards

Module 2-Food And Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the nutrients that food contain?

A

Carbohydrates
Fibre
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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2
Q

How much nutrients are in each food?

A

Different foods contain different nutrients, and some foods may not contain all nutrients

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3
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

To consume a healthy amount of the 7 nutrients

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4
Q

What do carbohydrates supply us with?

A

Energy

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5
Q

What are the 2 two main types of carbohydrate?

A

Sugar-fast releasing energy
Starch-slow releasing energy

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6
Q

What is fibre?

A

A carbohydrate, but it is into able to be digested

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7
Q

How does fibre help our digestive system?

A

By adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract

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8
Q

What do Proteins do?

A

They help us to grow and repair our body tissue

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9
Q

What do fats provide?

A

Energy that can be stored, and insulation.

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10
Q

What do vitamins and minerals help to prevent?

A

Diseases

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11
Q

Why is water needed?

A

For chemical reactions and to transport materials around our bodies

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12
Q

When does malnutrition occur?

A

When the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients

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13
Q

What is a deficiency disease?

A

When the diet lacks one particular nutrient in the diet

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14
Q

How can you find the nutrients in a food?

A

Take samples of food and test them

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15
Q

How do you make a solution for testing to see what nutrients are in it?

A

If its a solid you need ground it up in water and then filter it

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16
Q

What is Iodine solution used to test for?

A

Starch

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17
Q

In the presence of starch what colour does Iodine turn to?

A

From Red-Brown to Blue-Black

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18
Q

What is Benedicts solution used to test for?

A

Reducing sugars

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19
Q

What must happen to the Benedict’s solution and sample during the test for Reducing Sugars?

A

They must both be heated

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20
Q

What colour does Benedict’s Solution change to if reducing sugars are present?

A

Blue to Orange

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21
Q

What is Biuret’s solution used to test for?

A

Protein

22
Q

In the presence of Protein what colour does Biuret’s solution become?

A

Blue to Violet

23
Q

What are complex carbohydrates made from?

A

Many small units called SUGAR molecules

24
Q

What are Proteins made up of?

A

Many small units called AMINO ACIDS

25
Q

What are fats made of?

A

Many SUBUNITS called FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROL

26
Q

What do humans use their teeth for?

A

To bite and chew food, and mechanically break the large pieces down into smaller ones

27
Q

Does each type of tooth have its own use?

A

Yes

28
Q

What are canines used for?

A

Ripping and Tearing

29
Q

What are Incisors used for?

A

Slicing and cutting

30
Q

What are molars and pre-molars used for?

A

Crushing and grinding

31
Q

What is Digestion?

A

The process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules, that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

32
Q

What is the Digestive system made up of?

A

The alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus

33
Q

What does the stomach have?

A

Layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices

34
Q

How are the products of digestion absorbed?

A

They are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestines

35
Q

What is the structure of the small intestine?

A

It’s very long, its inner wall is highly folded into villi presenting a large surface area for absorption

36
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material

37
Q

What is the unwanted waste material called?

A

Faeces

38
Q

What do digestive juices contain?

A

They contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells which help to speed up chemical reactions

39
Q

What controls all the reactions that take place in cells?

A

Enzymes

40
Q

Does each biological reaction have its own specific enzyme?

A

Yes

41
Q

What is the substance that an enzyme acts on called?

A

It’s substrate

42
Q

What are the substances produced called?

A

Products

43
Q

If an enzyme has not been changed can it be used again?

A

Yes

44
Q

What does Amylase speed up?

A

The breakdown of starch into simple sugars

45
Q

Where is Amylase produced?

A

In the cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas

46
Q

What does Protease do?

A

Speed up the breakdown of protein into amino acids

47
Q

What does Lipase do?

A

Speeds up the breakdown of fats into fatty acids into glycerol

48
Q

What is kwashiorkor caused by and what are the symptoms?

A

Lack of protein; swelling, and amnesia

49
Q

What is scurvy caused by and what are the symptoms?

A

Lack of Vitamin C; swollen bleeding gums, weakness, pain

50
Q

What is rickets caused by and what are the symptoms?

A

lack of Vitamin D or Calcium; soft, deformed bones

51
Q

What are eye disorders caused by and what are there symptoms?

A

Lack of Vitamin A; night blindness, cloudy cornea, blindness

52
Q

What is Anaemia caused by and what are its symptoms?

A

Lack of iron; paleness, tiredness

BIOLOGY S2 (3 decks)

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