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BISC 1006 > Module 3 - From Population To The Globe > Flashcards

Module 3 - From Population To The Globe Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment (biotic and abiotic)

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2
Q

Biological hierarchy (small to big)

A

Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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3
Q

Weather vs. Climate

A

Weather: lower atmosphere, specific place, short time period
Climate: weather experienced in an area over long time

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4
Q

Weather and climate are both

A

Temperature, precipitation, winds, humidity, cloud cover

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5
Q

Climate effects

A

The biosphere and ecological communities (organisms are strongly influenced by climate)

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6
Q

Electromagnetic radiation provides (3)

A
  • heat
  • visible light
  • UV light
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7
Q

What does the ozone layer do

A

Filters harmful radiation, retains heat

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8
Q

Precipitation occurs when…

A

Moisture-laden air cools and releases its water as rain or snow (6 major convection cells)

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9
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

Winds produced by the major convection cells curve as they travel near the earths surface due to earths rotation

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10
Q

Ocean currents and temperatures

A

Vary depending on temperature and directionality of the currents and other factors

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11
Q

Rain shadow

A

An area on the side of a mountain facing away from the moist prevailing winds where little rain falls

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12
Q

Productivity

A

Measure of the energy that producers are able to store in the form of biological material or “biomass” (consumers depend on productivity of of producers)

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13
Q

How does climate affect terrestrial biomes

A

Climate is the most important factor in corralling the location of natural terrestrial biomes

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14
Q

Climate affects on aquatic biomes

A

Shaped by physical characteristics of their environment (salt content, water temperature, water depth etc.)

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15
Q

Distribution of terrestrial biomes are affected by

A

Climate, latitude, disturbance

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16
Q

Terrestrial regions (4)

A

Arctic regions, subarctic regions, temperate regions, tropical regions

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17
Q

Terrestrial biomes (8)

A

Tundra, boreal forest, temperate forest, grassland, chaparral, desert, tropical forest

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18
Q

Tundra

A

Cold winters, short growing season, has permafrost

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19
Q

boreal forrest

A

populated by coniferous species

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20
Q

temperate deciduous forest

A

fertile soils, mild winter

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21
Q

grasslands (savannah)

A

good soil little moisture

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22
Q

chaparal

A

short wet winters, long, hot, dry summers

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23
Q

desert

A

scarcity of moisture (NOT temperature)

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24
Q

Tropical Forrest

A

high species diversity, stable annual temperature, near constant rain

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25
Q

Water based biomes are shaped by…

A

physical characteristics of their environments; salt, temperature, water speed

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26
Q

fresh water biomes

A

lakes

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27
Q

lakes

A

landlocked bodies of standing water

28
Q

rivers

A

bodies of freshwater that move continuously in a single direction

29
Q

wetlands

A

shallow waters that flow slowly over lands that boarders rivers or coasts

30
Q

estuaries

A

tidal ecosystems where rivers flow into the ocean

31
Q

Coastal regions

A

support high diversity

32
Q

Oceanic regions

A

productivity is limited by available nutrients;

33
Q

pelagic zone

A

open ocean

34
Q

abyssal zone

A

begins where continental slope ends

35
Q

carbon cycle

A

process which carbon compounds are converted in the environment involving: photosynthesis, respiration, and decay and fossil fuels

36
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted into the environment and in living organisms (nitrogen fixation and decompisition)

37
Q

eutrophication

A

nitrogen runoff causes algal blooms and creates dead zones

38
Q

population

A

group of individuals of a species within an area

39
Q

population density

A

total number if individuals per unit of area

40
Q

logistic growth (majority of populations)

A

populations increase exponentially, then stabilize at max pop. size

41
Q

carrying capacity

A

the max a pop. size that can be supported indefinitely by the environment

42
Q

Growth limiting factors (2)

A

density-dependent; density-independent

43
Q

density dependent

A

related to the size of the population (food shortages, disease)

44
Q

density-independent

A

not related to the size of the population (weather, fire, floods)

45
Q

species abundance

A

number of individuals of a species in a given community

46
Q

species richness

A

total number of different species that live in the community

47
Q

species diversity

A

richness and relative abundance

48
Q

geographic diversity

A

distribution of a community across a geographic range

49
Q

genetic diversity

A

variation of genes within populations and across the community

50
Q

diverse communities are more

A

productive and stable

51
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

52
Q

outcomes of mutualism

A

alter biodiversity and geographic diversity

53
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits, the other is not affected

54
Q

outcomes of commensalism

A

stability of community

55
Q

competition

A

both organisms harmed

56
Q

two types of competition

A

interference competition, exploitative competition

57
Q

Interference competition

A

direct exclusion, affects distribution

58
Q

Exploitative competition

A

outcompetes for same resource

59
Q

Outcomes of competition

A

limits distribution and abundance; could result in coexistence, localized extinction, niche partitioning

60
Q

exploitation

A

one organism benefits the other is harmed

61
Q

exploitation outcomes

A

induced defenses, camouflage, warning coloration, mimicry, behavioral

62
Q

batesian mimicry

A

one species copies form of another

63
Q

mullerian mimicry

A

several species resemble one another to protect against predetors

64
Q

parasitic relationships

A

one benefits, one harmed/dies

65
Q
A

BISC 1006 (3 decks)

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