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OCR PHYSICS A > MODULE 3: FORCES AND MOTION > Flashcards

MODULE 3: FORCES AND MOTION Flashcards

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1
Q

stopping distance

A

THINKING + BRAKING distance

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2
Q

Center of mass

A

Point where external forces produce a straight line of motion with no rotation

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3
Q

Center of gravity

A

Point where entire weight of object appears to act

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4
Q

Experiment to find center of gravity

A

EQUIP: stand, paper, plumb line
EXPERIMENT: suspend paper freely using stand,
Use plumb line to draw a straight vertical line on the object
Rotate the object and do this again
Intersection = center of gravity

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5
Q

What is drag?

A

Resistive forces when a object moves through a fluid

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6
Q

What is a fluid?

A

Liquid or gas

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7
Q

What is drag proportional to

A

Velocity squared

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8
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

When drag is equal to weight, so Fres = 0.

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9
Q

What is the moment of a force?

A

Product of force applied and the perpendicular distance of the line of action from the pivot .

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10
Q

Moment equation

A

Moment = fx so newton meters

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11
Q

What is the principle of moments

A

Sum of anti-clockwise moments is equal to the sum of clockwise moments about the same point OR axis

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12
Q

Conditions for equilibrium

A

Fres is zero

Resultant Moment is zero

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13
Q

What is a couple

A

Two forces equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

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14
Q

What is the torque of a couple

A

Product of one of the forces (they are the same) and the perpendicular separation between them

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15
Q

How is torque and moment related

A

Torque is the same as total moment of the two forces about the midpoint between the forces

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16
Q

Density equation

A

ρ=mass / volume

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17
Q

How to measure density

A

Measure mass using weighing scale
Measure volume, for regular measure using callipers each edge. For irregular solids find displaced volume using displacement can

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18
Q

What is pressure

A

Normal force exerted on a surface. Pressure is force over cross sectional area

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19
Q

What is Archimedes principle

A

The upthrust exerted on a body immersed in a fluid (partially or fully) is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces

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20
Q

What is pressure proportional to and how in a cylinder column

A

p = f/a
p = mg/a
mass = pressure x volume
p = (ρV)g/a
height = volume / cross section area (v/a)
p = hρg
g and ρ are constant in a cylinder column, p is proportional to the height of the column

21
Q

What is work done and equation

A

W = Fx cos theta
Work done is the energy transfer from one to kinetic. One joule is the energy which one joule has moved an object one meter

22
Q

Formula for GPE and KE

A 
Ek = 1/2 mv^2
Ep = mgh
23
Q

What is power

A

Rate of work done, rate of energy transfer

24
Q

Power equation

A

P=W/t

25
Q

How does power relate to force

A

P = force x velocity

P=Fv

26
Q

Efficiency equation and what it is

A

Efficiency = useful energy / total energy
It is a ratio between useful and total energy input or output
Between 0 and 1

27
Q

Hooke law

A

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied

28
Q

Properties of plastic

A

Removal of force will not make object return to its original length

29
Q

Elastic properties

A

Removal of force makes it go back to its original shape

30
Q

Elastic potential equation

A

Ee = half Fx

31
Q

Elastic potential energy is proportional to what

A

extension squared
F=is
E=1/2 Fx
so E = 1/2 k x^2

32
Q

Brittle properties

A

No deformation before break, they don’t bend they just snap

33
Q

Ductile properties

A

Can be stretched and bent and thinned without breaking

34
Q

What is tensile stress

A

Same as pressure, force per unit cross sectional area

35
Q

What is tensile strain

A

Ratio of extension to the original length.symbol epsilon

36
Q

What is Young’s modulus

A

Ratio of tensile stress against strain E = stress / strain

37
Q

What happens at the elastic limit for brittle vs rubber?

A

Brittle it snaps

Rubber has no limit

38
Q

How can the spring equation be put used with the Young’s modulus

A

E = stress/strain
= (F/A)/(x/L) = Fl/Ax.
E = Fl/Ax, F = EAX/L
F = (EA/L)x, spring constant in F=kx is EA/L

39
Q

first law of motion

A

An object will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant velocity until a net resultant force acts upon it

40
Q

Third law of motion

A

Who two objects interact an equal and opposite force is always exerted, and a they are the same typr

41
Q

What is momentum

A

Product of mass and VELOCITY

42
Q

What is conservation of momentum

A

Closed system, total initial momentum is equal to the final momentum

43
Q

What is an elastic collision

A

Total KINETIC energy is equal after and before ( no transfer to other stores)

44
Q

Newton second law of motion

A

Net resultant force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum and is in the same direction

45
Q

What is the force equation in terms of linear momentum and what is the requirement

A

for a constant mass object

F = Δp/Δt, = (mv-mu)/Δt = m((v-u)/t) = ma, F = ma

46
Q

What is the impulse of a force

A

The product of force and time, and in terms of Newton’s laws it’s the change in momentum (so just momentum units)

47
Q

What’s the area under force t graph

A

Force x time = impulse (Δp)

48
Q

Impulse equation

A

I = change in momentum

49
Q

Final velocity and average velocity formula

A

FINAL = 2 * AV

OCR PHYSICS A (5 decks)

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