Module 3 - Fat

Question 1

what are the three types of fats?

Answer 1

phospholipids
sterols
triglycerides

Question 2

what is the fat in eggs?

Answer 2

lecithin a type of phospholipid

Question 3

lecithin:

Answer 3

two fatty acids, a phosphate group and a molecule of choline make up the phospholipid known as lecithin, lecithin is also an emulsifier

Question 4

what % of dietary lipid intake do phospholipids account for

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

soy can be a substitute emulsifier in place of eggs and may be linked to…

Answer 5

Lower cholesterol

Question 6

one egg yoke contains…

Answer 6

200mg of cholesterol

Question 7

cholesterol is required for:

Answer 7

synthesis of sex hormones, adrenal hormones, bile acids

Question 8

plant sterols

Answer 8

compete with dietary sterols and can reduce absorption of cholesterol

Question 9

How is it that plant sterols and stanols decrease body cholesterol levels?

Answer 9

sterols and stanols decrease dietary cholesterol absorption

Question 10

why is milk and margarine fortified with vitamin D?

Answer 10

because it is only consumed through a short list of foods including fatty fish, eggs, some liver oils,

Question 11

triglycerides

Answer 11

most abundant type of lipid in our diet; glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 12

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 12

one or more double bond; liquid at room temp

Question 13

saturated fatty acid

Answer 13

no double bonds; solid at room temp

Question 14

short carbon chains in fatty acids…

Answer 14

can cause a saturated fatty acid to have liquid characteristics at room temperature

Question 15

monounsaturated fat

Answer 15

triglyceride fatty acid with 1 double bond

Question 16

polyunsaturated fat

Answer 16

triglyceride fatty acids with more than 1 double bond

Question 17

coconut oil

Answer 17

mostly saturated fats but also has some monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Question 18

olive oil

Answer 18

monounsaturated fats but also has some saturated fats and polyunsaturated fats

Question 19

fatty acid nomenclature

Answer 19

first number represents number of carbons and second number represents number of double bonds

Question 20

Laurie acid has 12 carbons and is saturated what is the nomenclature

Answer 20

Laurie acid (12:0)

Question 21

trans fatty acid

Answer 21

no known health benefits; naturally found in milk butter and meat but also found in hydrogenated oils

Question 22

omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 22

needed for cell signalling, epithelial cell function, cell membranes, blood clotting, and are found in eggs, meat

Question 23

omega 3 fatty acid

Answer 23

needed for cardiovascular system, platelet, nervous system function and are found in canola oil, soybean, fish and flaxseed

Question 24

Which of the following statements about fatty acids and/or triglycerides is true?

Answer 24

The length of the fatty acid carbon chain can determine the physical state of a dietary fat.

Question 25

Which of the following helps with breaking down larger triglyceride (TAG) molecules to allow enzymes to access the triglyceride for digestion?

Answer 25

bile

Question 26

After fatty acids and glycerol molecules have been absorbed, they are carried by _________ through the _________.

Answer 26

chylomicrons, lymphatic vessels

Question 27

Chylomicrons

Answer 27

are lipoproteins (lipid + protein molecule) that carry all diet-derived lipids, including triglycerides, sterols (for example, cholesterol) and phospholipids.

Question 28

where is bile made?

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

where is bile stored and released from?

Answer 29

gallbladder

Question 30

describe differences in length of fatty acid chain

Answer 30

longer = less saturated short - medium - long butter - coconut - olive oil

Question 31

longer triglycerides are more likely to be stored in...

Answer 31

adipose tissue

Question 32

fat AMDR

Answer 32

20-35% of total kcal from fat

Question 33

fat RDA

Answer 33

there is none because not enough data was available when RDA was written