Module 3: Energy

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

Energy is the capacity to do work; energy is required to make things happen. The ways energy behaves and moves through the environment is predictable. It follows particular laws known as the laws of thermodynamics. It is the ability to get things done or make things go.

Question 2

What are the laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 2

1. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed - it can only change form. Energy can be transferred or transformed, however it cannot disappear.
2. When energy is transmitted from one form to another, we end up with lower-equality energy than we started with
3. A concentrated trim of chemical energy is converted into electrical energy- but a significant amount of energy is lost as he’s
4. A concentrated form of chemical energy- some of it is converter to do useful work, like making our bodies function and move, but a significant proportion is converted to heat.

Question 3

What are the different kinds of energy?

Answer 3

• Heat and light
• chemical energy
• nuclear energy
• moving (kinetic energy)
• stored (potential) energy
• electrical energy
• sound energy
• magnetic energy

Question 4

What is heat and light energy?

Thermal

Answer 4

Heat and light energy comes directly from the sun, helps food to grow, and helps to form fuels like coal and oil. Thermal energy is the energy of moving or vibrating atoms and molecules. Heat energy moves from one object to another by convection, conduction, and radiation.

Question 5

What is chemical energy?

Answer 5

• chemical energy is stored in food and fuels
• petrol, paraffin, wood, coal, and all contain chemical energy.

Is a type of potential energy stores in atoms and molecules, that can be released through chemical reactions. There is potential in the bonds. Single cell - contain chemical that can react and produce electrons, and which carry negative charge. Generating an electric current to the torch which creates light

Question 6

What is sound energy?

Answer 6

Sound energy are the waves when you band a drum, speak, or play a guitar. Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal ( compression/rare fraction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate - the energy is transferred through the medium (air, water, glass, walls) in a wave as particles move and bump into each other

Question 7

What is nuclear energy?

Answer 7

Nuclear energy is the energy released by atoms, and was discovered 60 yrs ago. Nuclear is released when an atom bomb explodes- nuclear energy from a bomb is usually changed into heat, light, and sound energy.
Releases heat through nuclear fission

Question 8

What is moving energy?

Answer 8

Moving energy is also referred to as kinetic energy m. The faster an object is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. A flying ball, flying brick, and a person running all have energy because they are moving.

The energy of motion and movement

Question 9

What is stored energy?

Answer 9

Stored energy is also referred to as potential energy, where it is energy that is waiting to be used. Chemical energy can be thought of as a type of potential energy. The stored energy is changed into moving energy

Question 10

Changing one type of energy into another - provide examples.

Answer 10

When this use energy, they are changing it from one form to another.

A kettle - electrical energy into heat energy
Tractor - chemical energy (petrol) into moving energy
Wind up toy - potential energy (stored in the spring) into kinetic energy

Question 11

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 11

Energy is never used up. When energy changes from one form to another, the total amount of energy remains the same. A lot of energy ends up in the form of heat energy, which escapes into the air. Fuels like coal and oil are gradually being used up, resulting in the cause of the cause of the energy crisis.

Question 12

Living energy: plants

Answer 12

Plants and animals change energy from one form to another. Plants convert light and heat energy from the sun into energy for growing

Question 13

Living energy: animals

Answer 13

Animals often eat wants to supply them with energy, as they require energy to grow, move, and keep driving warm. Food from plants is a type of chemical energy.

Question 14

Living energy: Humans

Answer 14

Humans obtain their energy from food (plants and animals)!
- the process of running, walking, riding, jumping is changing some good energy (chemical energy) into moving (kinetic energy) energy can be stored and become fat if one is consuming more energy than is being used

Question 15

Non living energy: cells and batteries

Answer 15

Cells - changes chemical energy into electrical energy

Batteries - made by putting two or more cells together

Question 16

Dynamos

Answer 16

Electrical energy used at home comes from dynamos. A coil of wire spins round between the poles of a strong magnet to generate an electrical current. Moving energy is converted to electrical energy, where it can the be conveyer into other forms of energy.

E.g light bulb, loud speaker, electric fire

Question 17

Engines

Answer 17

Heat energy can be used to drive certain types of engines. Nah engine that changes heat energy into movement or kinetic energy is called a heat engine.

Question 18

Steam engines

Answer 18

Steam engines were the first heat engines. Energy is used to make the steam

Question 19

Modern heat engines

Answer 19

Modern heat entertained are partly to blame for the energy crisis, and may include carsC rockets, and jets. Heat engines are highly wasteful, resulting I most of their heat energy escaping into the air, instead of being changed into kinetic energy.

Question 20

Saving energy

Answer 20

The way heat travels:
Conduction, convection currents, and heat rays.
A convection is the movement of heat along a material, from from hot areas to cool areas.
Heated air particles, or heated liquid particles moves from one place to another and takes heat with it.

Radiation - waves of energy - photoelectric waves

Question 21

What is conduction?

Answer 21

Conduction are good carriers, with most being metal. They are direct contact.

Question 22

What is an insulator?

Answer 22

Plastic is an insulator, as it is a poor conductor of heat.

Many clothes are good insulators, as they can save heat (which good reflect, black good absorb). Thermo flasks help to stop heat travelling in each of the three different ways. Some energy can be saved by oiling or lubricating machines and engines

Question 23

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Answer 23

Heat is the total amount of thermal energy in a substance, measure in joules. Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the intensity of the heat, which uses a degrees and Celsius scale.

• 0 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water
• 100 degrees Celsius is the boiling point of water.
• thermal energy depends on the amount of particles present.

Question 24

What is heat capacity?

Answer 24

The heat capacity of a substance refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity by 1 degrees Celsius. Specific heat caps drift of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1 degrees Celsius.

Question 25

What is light energy?

Answer 25

Light energy is the visible electromagnetic radiation, and one example of how energy can be transferred through space. The sunlight that we see on Earth left by the sun about 10 minutes prior. Light is e em we different colours depending on the wavelength reflected to the eye. White light is all the colours of the spectrum combines, and can be refracted through a prism to produce its constitutes colours (rainbow)

Question 26

Energy pyramids

Answer 26

Bottom lay of pyramid - producer
Next layer - primary consumer
(Herbivore)
Next layer - secondary consumer (carnivores and omnivores)
Other layers of consumers
Decomposes
Approximately 10 % of energy passes from one level to another. I

Question 27

Energy transformation experiments - how does the distance a marble is stretched change the distance a marble travels?

Answer 27

Elastic potential energy is transferred into the marble which is transformed into kinetic energy, sound, energy, and heat.

Question 28

Energy transformation experiments - how does the distance a marble is stretched change the distance a marble travels?

Answer 28

Elastic potential energy is transferred into the first marble, which transfers the energy into the second and third marble.

Question 29

How does energy link in with the Australian curriculum?

Answer 29

Year 1 - light and sounds are produced by a range of sources and can be sensed.

Year 3 - heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another.

Year 5 - light from a source forms shadows, and can be absorbed, reflected and refracted.

Year 6- electrical circuits provide a means of transferring and transforming electricity. Energy from a variety of sources can be used to generate electricity.

Question 30

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 30

Potential energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work/ make something happen. Gravitational potential energy is a form or potential energy when an object is raised in a field of gravity.

Question 31

What is electrical energy?

Answer 31

Electrical energy is caused be the movement of charged electrons that travel very quickly through materials like metal. Static electricity is generated by friction, and is a charge that does not flow.

Question 32

What is magnetic energy?

Answer 32

Work = force x distance

A stationary magnet possesses and magnetic force, but no energy. Spinning or moving a magnet in a coil of wire, or a wire in a magnetic field, a ill induce electric current (electrical energy) in the wire. The kinetic energy that loves the magnet or the wire must come to from somewhere.

Question 33

What is convection?

Answer 33

Energy is transferred through mass movement or particles (gases and liquids)

Question 34

What is conduction?

Answer 34

Energy is transferred through direct contact. When being warmed by an open fire, the energy is being transferred by conduction (not radiation) - movement of the warm air.

Question 35

What is radiation?

Answer 35

Energy is transferred through direct contact through space (a vacuum). This is how planet earth is warmed via the energy from the sun.

Question 36

What is heat capacity?

Answer 36

The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity by 1 degrees Celsius

Question 37

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 37

Plants transform the light energy from the sun into chemical energy for food to grow.

Question 38

What are energy sources for electricity generation?

Answer 38

Fossil fuels 
Solar 
Wind 
Hydro 
Tidal 
Geothermal 
Bio-gas 
Bio- diesel