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Module 3 - Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dementia?

A

A progressive neurodegenerative disease, which results in an irreversible loss of cognitive function for a person. Dementia is a terminal disease and there is no cure. Umbrella term for about 100 conditions or disorders that cause symptoms of dementia.

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2
Q

Is dementia a normal part of ageing?

A

NO - Dementia is not a normal part of ageing.

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3
Q

What is Young onset dementia?

A

Used to describe any form of dementia diagnosed in people under the aged of 65.

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4
Q

How many new cases of Dementia are estimated to be diagnosed each week?

A

1,800

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5
Q

What percentage of ALL deaths is contributed to Dementia?

A

15.8%

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6
Q

What percentage of deaths of people living in residential aged care is Dementia contributed to?

A

52%

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7
Q

What are the most common conditions cause (forms) of Dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Vascular Dementia
  • Frontal Lobe Dementia
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
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8
Q

50-75% of dementia in Australia is caused by:

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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9
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease is caused by:

A

Caused by tangles building up and disrupting messages in the brain; resulting in impaired thinking, memory and behaviour. A person may live from 3 to 20 years with Alzheimer’s disease, average being 7 to 10 years.

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10
Q

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease include but are not limited to:

A
  • Short term memory loss
  • Difficulty finding the right words for everyday objects.

Later symptoms include:

  • impaired judgement,
  • disorientation,
  • confusion,
  • behaviour changes
  • difficulty swallowing, speaking and walking.
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11
Q

20-30% of dementia in Australia is caused by:

A

Vascular Dementia.

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12
Q

Two types of Vascular Dementia are:

A

Multi-infarct dementia and Binswanger’s disease.

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13
Q

What causes Vascular Dementia?

A

It is caused by problems with circulation of blood to the brain.

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14
Q

The onset of Vascular Dementia is:

A

Sudden and less predictable.

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15
Q

Risks factors for the development of Vascular Dementia are:

A
  • Untreated high blood pressure
  • Irregular heart rhythms.
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Vascular Dementia?

A
  • Impaired judgement or inability to plans steps needed to complete a task.
  • Depression Mood swings
  • Epilepsy
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17
Q

5 -10% of dementia in Australia is caused by:

A

FRONTAL LOBE DEMENTIA.

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18
Q

What causes Frontal Lobe Dementia?

A

Caused by a degeneration in one or both frontal lobes of the brain.

19
Q

What are the frontal lobes of the brain responsible for?

A
  • Mood
  • Social behaviour
  • Attention
  • Judgement
  • Planning
  • Self-control
20
Q

What are the symptoms of Frontal Lobe Dementia?

A
    1. Changes in personality, reasoning, mood and language. Loss of emotional responses
  • 2.Changes in normal inhibitions, talking to strangers or exhibiting behaviour they might otherwise find embarrassing.
    1. Decline in attentiveness to personal hygiene is also seen.
21
Q

5% of dementia in Australia is caused by:

A

Dementia with Lewy Body Disease

22
Q

What causes Dementia with Lewy Bodies?

A

Lewy body disease is caused by the degeneration and death of nerve cells in the brain. The name comes from the presence of abnormal spherical structures, called Lewy bodies, which develop inside nerve cells. It is thought that these may contribute to the death of the brain cells.

23
Q

Have any know causes, risk factors or hereditary factors for Dementia with Lewy Bodies been established?

A

NO. Although it is more common in men and progresses rapidly.

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Dementia with Lewy Bodies?

A
  • Fluctuating cognition
  • Visual hallucinations
  • Tremor and Rigidity in limbs (similar to that seen in Parkinson’s Disease).
  • There also might be some difficulty in concentration, confusion and depth or distance perception (which can result in falls).
25
Q

What percentage of people with Parkinson’s Disease is estimated to develop dementia?

A

30-60%

26
Q

Name three less common types of Dementia?

A
  1. Alcohol-related Dementia (Korsakoff’s)
  2. Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJB)
  3. HIV Associated Dementia
27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE The prevalence of dementia is 4-5 times high for Aboriginal and Torres Strait people thank the rest of the Australian population.

A

TRUE

28
Q

Why is the incidence of dementia for Aboriginal and Torres strait people higher?

A

Increased prevalence of lifestyle related illness.

29
Q

How many older Australians are born overseas?

A

1 in 5.

30
Q

How many Australians with dementia speak a language other than English?

A

1 in 8.

31
Q

What language will a person with dementia commonly communicate in?

A

The language they first learnt in life.

32
Q

THE ROLE OF THE NURSE. What does the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s Code of Conduct state?

A

“Nurses engage with people as individuals in a culturally safe and respectful way, foster open, honest and compassionate professional relationships, and adhere to their obligations about privacy and confidentiality.”

33
Q

What terms and phrases re preferred when talking about dementia?

A
  • Dementia
  • Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia
  • A form of dementia
  • A type of dementia
  • Symptoms of dementia
34
Q

Make a list of terms that should not be used when talking about dementia.

A
  • Dementing illness
  • Demented
  • Affliction
  • Senile dementia
  • Senility
  • Going on a journey Sufferer
  • Victim
  • Demented person
  • Dementing illness
  • Dements
  • Afflicted
  • Offenders, absconders or perpetrators
  • He/she’s fading away or disappearing
  • Empty shell
  • Not all there
  • Losing him/her or someone who has lost their mind •
  • He/she’s an attention seeker • Inmates (referring to people with dementia in care facilities)
  • An onion with the layers peeling away
  • Slang expressions that are derogatory, for example, delightfully dotty, away with the fairies, got a kangaroo loose in the back paddock, a couple of cents short
  • ‘They’ (talking about all people with dementia rather than the individual)
35
Q

When talking about people with dementia, what phrases are preferred?

A
  • A person/people with dementia
  • A person/people living with dementia
  • A person/people with a diagnosis of dementia
36
Q

What is the medical model called that categorises behaviour?

A

Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)

37
Q

What is the DSA?

A

Dementia Support Australia (DSA) is a referral service encompassing the expertise of Hammond Care and the Dementia Behaviour Management Advisory Service (DBMAS) to provide expert assistance to persons living with dementia and their families. DSA works in collaboration with the person living with dementia and their care network to understand the causes and/or triggers leading to changes in behaviour.

38
Q

What are some appropriate ways to communicate with a person who is living with dementia?

A
  • Gentle reorientation and cues
  • Reduce any noise or over stimulation (noises, lighting, room/bed changes).
  • Involve person and family in all decisions regarding care.
  • Get to know your patient (fears and frustrations).
  • Communicate respectfully, sensitively and compassionately.
  • Active listening
  • Use simple statements
  • Break down tasks into small steps.
  • Be conscious of your body language
  • Never argue or attempt deep reasoning.
  • Develop purposeful and meaningful activities.
  • Picture prompts.
39
Q

What is the most common screening test used for dementia?

A

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

40
Q

What methods are used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease?

A
  • A detailed medical history
  • A thorough physical and neurological examination
  • A test of intellectual function
  • Psychiatric assessment
  • A neuropsychological tests
  • Blood and urine tests
  • Lumbar puncture for cerebral spinal fluid tests
  • Medical imaging (MRI, PET)
41
Q

What is respite care?

A

Respite care is designed to give carers a break for a limited period of time. Someone else provides care so the carer can go on holiday, attend to everyday activities or just relax. Sometimes a carer might need emergency respite care if, for example, they get sick or need to go to hospital.

42
Q

How do you manage challenging behaviours?

A
  • Know Triggers
  • Minimise loud noises
  • Establish routines
  • Calm approach
43
Q

The onset of dementia is….

A

Slow and insidious.

Deterioration over months and years.

44
Q
A

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