Module 3 - Chronic Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

What does the Random fasting blood glucose test and HBA1C measure

Answer 1

measures average glucose over lifespan of the red blood cell RBC

Question 2

What is Gestational diabetes (GDM)

Answer 2

• is a temporary condition that occurs in pregnancy and carries long term risk of type 2 diabetes for the woman.
• The condition is present when blood glucose values are above normal but still below those diagnostic of diabetes.

Question 3

What is polyphagia

Answer 3

Increased hunger

Question 4

Why is polyphagia a common symptom in diabetes

Answer 4

due to reduced cellular glucose uptake, thereafter energy shortage.

Question 5

Why is polyuria a common symptom of diabetes

Answer 5

The kidneys are unable to reabsorb the large amounts of glucose being filtered back into bloodstream so it is excreted in the urine. The osmotic effects of the high glucose levels cause an increase in the production of urine; this is known as polyuria.

Question 6

What is polyuria

Answer 6

Increased urination

Question 7

Why is polydipsia a common symptom of diabetes

Answer 7

Increased blood osmotic pressure due to hyperglycaemia causes dehydration.

Question 8

What is polydipsia

Answer 8

Increased thirst

Question 9

What are the 3 P symptoms related to diabetes

Answer 9

Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia

Question 10

What is nephropathy?

Answer 10

Nephropathy is a general term for the deterioration of proper functioning in the kidneys.

Question 11

What is neuropathy?

Answer 11

Weakness, numbness and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.

Question 12

What is retinopathy?

Answer 12

Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment.

Question 13

What are the five types of insulin

Answer 13

ultra short acting analogues
short acting insulin
intermediate acting insulin
long acting analogue insulin
mixed insulin.

Question 14

What drugs are Type 2 diabetes patients on?

Answer 14

• oral hypoglycaemic medications.

- There are multiple classes of these medications including but not limited to Sulfonylureas and Biguanides

Question 15

What are smart goals?

Answer 15

Goals set for patients that are:

• Specific
• Measurable
• Action based
• Realistic
• Timely

Question 16

What is metformin

Answer 16

Metformin is an oral biguanide hypoglycaemic agent. It causes an increased peripheral uptake of glucose by increasing the biological efficiency of available exogenous or endogenous insulin.