Module 3: ACIDS AND BASES

Question 1

can have different
meanings in different contexts

Answer 1

“acid” and “base”

Question 2

The idea that acids are solutions containing a lot of “H+” and bases are solutions containing a lot of “OH-” is not very useful in organic chemistry

Answer 2

ARRHENIUS THEORY

Question 3

defines
acids and bases by their role in reactions that “transfer protons” (H+) between “donors” and “acceptors”

Answer 3

Brønsted–Lowry theory

Question 4

donates a H+
(proton donor)

Answer 4

Brønsted acid

Question 5

accepts the H+
(proton acceptor)

Answer 5

Brønsted base

Question 6

The products of proton transfer reaction are called?

Answer 6

conjugate base and
conjugate acid

Question 7

electron pair acceptors

Answer 7

Lewis acids

Question 8

electron pair donors

Answer 8

Lewis bases

Question 9

A measure related to the strength of the acid:
HA -> H+ + A-

Answer 9

Acidity constant (Ka)

Question 10

Stronger acids have

Answer 10

larger Ka

Question 11

The concentration of ______ as a solvent does not change significantly when it is protonated

Answer 11

water

Question 12

Ka of water

Answer 12

1.8 x 10-16

Question 13

Ka= about 10^15

Answer 13

strongest acids

Question 14

Ka = about 10^-60

Answer 14

weakest acids

Question 15

the Acid Strength Scale

Answer 15

pKa

Question 16

Formula of pKa

Answer 16

pKa = –log Ka
Ka = antilog (- pKa) = 10-pKa

Question 17

Smaller pKa -> larger Ka -> ??

Answer 17

stronger acid

Question 18

The pKa of water

Answer 18

15.74

Question 19

presence of “positively polarized H atom”

Answer 19

ORGANIC ACIDS

Question 20

those that lose a proton from “O–H”, such as methanol and acetic acid

Answer 20

ORGANIC ACIDS

Question 21

those that lose a proton from “C–H”, usually from a carbon atom next to a C=O double bond (O=C–C–H)

Answer 21

ORGANIC ACIDS

Question 22

have an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond to H+

Answer 22

ORGANIC BASES

Question 23

Nitrogen-containing compounds derived from ammonia are the most common organic bases

Answer 23

ORGANIC BASES

Question 24

Oxygen-containing compounds can react as bases when with a strong acid or as acids with strong bases

Answer 24

ORGANIC BASES

Question 25

can react as bases when with a strong acid or as acids with strong bases

Answer 25

Oxygen-containing compounds

Question 26

derived from ammonia are the most common organic bases

Answer 26

Nitrogen-containing compounds