Module 2: Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Flashcards
Chain, no rings
* Straight (unbranched) chain
* Branched chain
Acyclic
Rings of Carbon (or Piattos)
Carbocyclic
Have rings with at least one heteroatom
Heterocyclic
Simplest group of organic compounds
Hydrocarbons
Saturated HC (single bond)
Alkanes
Unsaturated HC (multiple bonds)
- Alkenes
- Alkynes
Chains or branched
Aliphatic
Rings
Alicyclic
- Single bonded carbons
- ends with “-ane”
- CnH2n+2
Alkanes
- A Hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane.
- ends with “-yl”
– Methyl (Me)
– Ethyl (Et)
– Propyl (Pr)
– Butyl (Bu)
Alkyl groups (R)
Formula for Alkanes
CnH2n+2
- Consist of rings of -C-C-
- Prefix “cyclo-”
- CnH2n
Cycloalkanes
Formula for Cycloalkanes
CnH2n
A group of atoms within a larger molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior
Functional Groups
A Hydrogen atom is removed
Alkyl groups (R)
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
+ General Formula:
CnH2n
+ Double bond
ALKENES
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
+ General Formula:
CnH2n-2
+ Triple bond
ALKYNES
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
* Aromatic ring
* “benzene” ring
* Ar-
+ Aromatic rings
+ Piattos
ARENES
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
+ Single Bond
+ “-ane”
ALKANES
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
+ Double Bonds
+ “-ene”
ALKENES
Functional Groups With C singly bonded to EN atom
+ General Formula: RX
+ Halogen group
ALKYL HALIDES
Functional Groups With C-C Multiple Bonds
+ Triple Bonds
+ “-yne”
ALKYNES
Functional Groups With C singly bonded to EN atom
+ General Formula: ROH
+ *ends with “-ol”
+ hydroxyl group
Note: If the suffix starts with vowel (i.e. -ol, -al, amine), remove the –e and attach the suffix
ALCOHOLS (ALKANOLS)
Functional Groups With C singly bonded to EN atom
+ General Formula: RSH
+ *ends with“-thiol”
+ sulfhydryl group
THIOLS (MERCAPTANS)
Functional Groups With C singly bonded to EN atom
+ General Formula:
R’OR’’
+ *ends with “ether”
ETHER
Functional Groups With C singly bonded to EN atom
+ General Formula:
R’SR’’
+ *ends with “sulfide”
SULFIDES (THIOETHERS)