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Biology S2 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is blood composed of

A

different types of cells floating in a liquid called plasma

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2
Q

What dose blood contain

A

Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and smaller particles called
platelets

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3
Q

What do red blood cells do

A

Red Blood Cells transport oxygen and contain the pigment haemoglobin

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4
Q

What are white blood cells apart of

A

The immune system

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5
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

White Blood Cells destroy bacteria and foreign particles eg. viruses

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6
Q

What are the main types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and

lymphocytes.

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7
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria

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8
Q

What do lymphocytes produce

A

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses

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9
Q

What are antibodies coplamenty to

A

Antibodies have specific complementary binding sites for only one type of
foreign particle eg. virus

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10
Q

How do vaccines work

A

Vaccines allow a dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced
into the body so the immune system recognises it on exposure.

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11
Q

What do platelets do

A

Platelets help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding.

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12
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.

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13
Q

What is the heart made of

A

The heart is made of cardiac muscle and pumps continuously

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14
Q

What are the hearts 4 chambers

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle

and left ventricle.

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15
Q

What can a pulse indicate

A

Pulse can be a health indicator

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16
Q

Who can have a lower resting heart rate

A

A fitter person

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17
Q

What is a high pulse rate

A

A very high pulse rate is unhealthy & can lead to heart disease or stroke

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18
Q

What are lo tech methods for taking a pulse rate

A

A stop watch and fingertips or stethoscope can be used as a low-tech method
of measuring pulse rate

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19
Q

What are high tech methods for taking pulse rate

A

A pulsometer or heart rate monitor linked to a computer can be used as a high-
tech method of measuring pulse rate

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20
Q

What takes blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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21
Q

What carry’s blood back to the heart

A

Veins

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22
Q

What do veins contain

A

Veins contain valves which prevent backflow of blood.

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23
Q

What are capillaries

A

Capillaries are small vessels which form a network between arteries and veins

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24
Q

What is oxygenated blood rich in

A

Oxygen

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25
Q

What is deoxygenated blood rich in

A

Carbon dioxide

26
Q

What are the four major blood vessels from the heart

A

aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and vena cava

27
Q

What dose the aorta do

A

The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the
body

28
Q

What dose the vena cava do

A

The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

29
Q

What dose the pulmonary artery do

A

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the
lungs.

30
Q

What dose the pulmonary vein do

A

The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

31
Q

Why is the muscular wall thicker on the left than the right on your hard

A

The muscular wall of the left-hand side of the heart is thicker than the right-
hand side since it has to pump blood all round the body, whereas the right-
hand side only has to pump it as far as the lungs.

32
Q

What dose the coronary artery supply the muscular wall with

A

The coronary artery supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated
blood.

33
Q

What is blood pressure

A

When the heart contracts and pumps blood into arteries under pressure, this
pressure is called blood pressure

34
Q

How can blood pressure be measured

A

Blood pressure can be measured using either a stethoscope & mercury manometer or a digital sphygmomanometer

35
Q

What is systolic pressure

A

Systolic pressure occurs when the heart beats & pumps blood into the arteries giving an average reading of 120 mmHg

36
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

Diastolic pressure occurs between beats when the heart relaxes & fills with
blood giving an average reading of 80 mmHg

37
Q

What is the average blood pressure for an adult

A

The average blood pressure in an adult is 120/80 mmHg

38
Q

What is classes as high blood pressure

A

Blood pressure greater than 160/90mmHg indicates high blood pressure

39
Q

What is high blood pressure caused by

A

being overweight; lack of exercise; incorrect diet (fat, salt); drinking alcohol excessively; stress

40
Q

What can high blood pressure cause

A

High blood pressure can cause heart attack and stroke

41
Q

What can low pressure cause

A

Low blood pressure can cause fainting and heart failure

42
Q

Why do lungs inflate and deflate

A

Lungs inflate to take air into the body & deflate to remove air from body

43
Q

What do windpipes do

A

Windpipe allows air to flow from the mouth or nose towards the lungs

44
Q

What are the bronchi

A

Bronchi are the 2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs

45
Q

What are the Bronchioles

A

Bronchioles are branches from the bronchi which lead to the air sacs

46
Q

What do air sacs do

A

Air sacs allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood & carbon dioxide
to pass from the blood to the lungs

47
Q

What do rib shields do

A

Ribs shield or protect the lungs from damage

48
Q

What are the air sac like

A

Arc sac is thin walled & surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)

49
Q

What is a breathing rate

A

Breathing rate is the number of breaths you take in one minute

50
Q

What dose a breathing rate accord to

A

Breathing rate will alter according to your level of activity

51
Q

What makes each persons breathing rate

A

Breathing rate is different between individuals depending on their age, sex,
fitness and state of health

52
Q

What dose exercise do

A

Exercise results in faster, deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles &
get rid of waste carbon dioxide

53
Q

What is required to get ur deep breathing back to normal

A

Recovery time is the time required after exercise for rate & depth of breathing
to return to normal

54
Q

What dose a short recovery time indicate

A

Fitness

55
Q

How can the efficiency of the lungs be measured

A

The efficiency of the lungs can be measured using tidal volume, vital capacity
and peak flow

56
Q

What is tidal volume

A

The tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath

57
Q

What do tidal volumes vary

A

Tidal volume varies depending on body size, age, sex & level of fitness

58
Q

Wha is vital capacity

A

Vital capacity is a measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can
breathe out after having taken in as deep a breath as possible

59
Q

What dose vital capacity vary in

A

body size, age, sex and fitness

60
Q

What is peak flow

A

Peak flow is the maximum rate that you can blow air out of your lungs and is
measured using a peak flow meter

61
Q

What is asthma

A

Asthma is a respiratory condition in which the air passages (bronchioles)
become narrower making breathing difficult causing wheezing

Biology S2 (3 decks)

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