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Biology S2 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different types of nutrients found in food

A

a. carbohydrates
b. fibre
c. protein
d. fats
e. vitamins
f. minerals
g. water

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2
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

A balanced diet contains the correct amount of the seven nutrients

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3
Q

What do carbohydrates supply us with

A

Energy

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4
Q

What are the main types of carbohydrates

A

sugars- fast releasing energy (examples of sources)

b. starches- slow releasing energy (examples of sources)

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5
Q

What is fibre

A

Fibre is a carbohydrate that cannot be digested

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6
Q

What dose fibre do

A

Fibre helps our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract

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7
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Proteins help us to grow and help us to repair body tissues

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8
Q

What do fats provide us with

A

Energy that can be stored

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9
Q

What do fats help to provide with

A

Insulation

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10
Q

What do vitamins and minerals help to prevent

A

Certain diseases

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11
Q

What is water needed for

A

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps to transport materials around our body

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12
Q

Define the term malnutrition

A

Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.

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13
Q

What is a deficiency disease

A

A deficiency disease is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet.

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14
Q

What causes scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin c

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of scurvy

A

Bleeding/swollen gums

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16
Q

What is kwashiorkor caused by

A

Lack of animal protein

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor

A

Swelling, enlarged abdomen, anemia

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18
Q

What is rickets cause by

A

Lack of vitamin d or calcium

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19
Q

What causes eye disorders

A

Vitamin a

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of eye disorders

A

Night blindness, blindness

21
Q

What causes anemia

A

Lack of iron

22
Q

What are the symptoms of anemia

A

Paleness, tiredness

23
Q

How can we see what nutrients foods have

A

Samples of food can be tested to see which of the different nutrients they
contain

24
Q

How can u test food samples if it’s solid

A

If the food is solid (e.g. an apple), it must be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing.

25
Q

What is used to test for starch

A

Iodine

26
Q

What’s the colour change If there is starch present

A

Brown - black

27
Q

What is used to test for reducing sugars

A

Benedictus solution + heat

28
Q

What is the colour change if reducing sugars are present

A

Blue - orange

29
Q

What is used to test for protein

A

Biuret’s solution

30
Q

If protein is present what is the colour change

A

Blue - violet

31
Q

What are complex carbohydrates made up of

A

Complex carbohydrates (such as starch) are made up of many small units called sugar molecules (glucose).

32
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Proteins are made up of many small units called amino acids.

33
Q

What are fats made up of

A

Fats are made up of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol.

34
Q

What do human use their teeth for

A

Humans use their teeth to bite and chew food, mechanically breaking the large pieces down into smaller ones.

35
Q

What is the order of teeth

A

Incisors - canines - premolars - molars

36
Q

What is the function of incisors

A

Slicing/biting

37
Q

What is the function of canines

A

Ripping/tearing

38
Q

What is the function of premolars

A

Chewing/grinding

39
Q

What is the function of molars

A

Chewing/grinding

40
Q

What is digestion

A

Digestion is the process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine, to be delivered to the body cells.

41
Q

What is the digestion system made up of

A

The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus.

42
Q

Tell us about the stomach

A

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices.

43
Q

Tell us about the small intestine

A

The small intestine is very long and its inner wall is highly folded presenting a large surface area for absorption.
The small intestine also has many blood vessels into which the products of digestion pass so that they can be taken around the body to all cells

44
Q

Tell us about the large intestine

A

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material

45
Q

What is the unwanted waste materials called

A

Faeces

46
Q

What do digestive juices contain

A

Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells that help to speed up chemical reactions.

47
Q

What do different digestion enzymes help speed up

A

Different digestive enzymes help to speed up the breakdown of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

48
Q

What are the symptoms of rickets

A

Soft deformed bones

Biology S2 (3 decks)

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