Module 2 Flashcards
What are the different types of nutrients found in food
a. carbohydrates
b. fibre
c. protein
d. fats
e. vitamins
f. minerals
g. water
What is a balanced diet
A balanced diet contains the correct amount of the seven nutrients
What do carbohydrates supply us with
Energy
What are the main types of carbohydrates
sugars- fast releasing energy (examples of sources)
b. starches- slow releasing energy (examples of sources)
What is fibre
Fibre is a carbohydrate that cannot be digested
What dose fibre do
Fibre helps our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract
What do proteins do?
Proteins help us to grow and help us to repair body tissues
What do fats provide us with
Energy that can be stored
What do fats help to provide with
Insulation
What do vitamins and minerals help to prevent
Certain diseases
What is water needed for
Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps to transport materials around our body
Define the term malnutrition
Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.
What is a deficiency disease
A deficiency disease is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet.
What causes scurvy
Lack of vitamin c
What are the symptoms of scurvy
Bleeding/swollen gums
What is kwashiorkor caused by
Lack of animal protein
What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor
Swelling, enlarged abdomen, anemia
What is rickets cause by
Lack of vitamin d or calcium
What causes eye disorders
Vitamin a
What are the symptoms of eye disorders
Night blindness, blindness
What causes anemia
Lack of iron
What are the symptoms of anemia
Paleness, tiredness
How can we see what nutrients foods have
Samples of food can be tested to see which of the different nutrients they
contain
How can u test food samples if it’s solid
If the food is solid (e.g. an apple), it must be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing.
What is used to test for starch
Iodine
What’s the colour change If there is starch present
Brown - black
What is used to test for reducing sugars
Benedictus solution + heat
What is the colour change if reducing sugars are present
Blue - orange
What is used to test for protein
Biuret’s solution
If protein is present what is the colour change
Blue - violet
What are complex carbohydrates made up of
Complex carbohydrates (such as starch) are made up of many small units called sugar molecules (glucose).
What are proteins made up of
Proteins are made up of many small units called amino acids.
What are fats made up of
Fats are made up of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol.
What do human use their teeth for
Humans use their teeth to bite and chew food, mechanically breaking the large pieces down into smaller ones.
What is the order of teeth
Incisors - canines - premolars - molars
What is the function of incisors
Slicing/biting
What is the function of canines
Ripping/tearing
What is the function of premolars
Chewing/grinding
What is the function of molars
Chewing/grinding
What is digestion
Digestion is the process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine, to be delivered to the body cells.
What is the digestion system made up of
The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus.
Tell us about the stomach
The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices.
Tell us about the small intestine
The small intestine is very long and its inner wall is highly folded presenting a large surface area for absorption.
The small intestine also has many blood vessels into which the products of digestion pass so that they can be taken around the body to all cells
Tell us about the large intestine
The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material
What is the unwanted waste materials called
Faeces
What do digestive juices contain
Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells that help to speed up chemical reactions.
What do different digestion enzymes help speed up
Different digestive enzymes help to speed up the breakdown of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
What are the symptoms of rickets
Soft deformed bones
