Module 3 Flashcards
basic unit of glandular tissue
alveoli
milk-secreting unit
alveolus
cells that surround alveolus and contract to milk eject
myoepithelial cells
collection of one primary duct and its ductules/aveoli. 15-20 per breast.
lobe
where 10-15 ducts congregate
nipple
growth of nipples causing them to be more erect during pregnancy is caused by serum ________
prolactin
diameter of areola increased by ___%
40
lobes, lobules, and alveoli increase in size due to:
progesterone
ductules proliferate and differentiate due to:
estrogen
prolactin stimulation of mammary secretory epithelial cells to produce milk after ____ weeks gestation
16
occurs when prolactin stimulates mammary secretory epithelial cells to produce milk and alveoli become distended and milk droplets move to ductules
Lactogenesis Stage I
occurs on day 2-8 postpartum as a result of placenta delivery in which the breasts produce copious amounts of milk (delays may be caused by disruption of hormone cascade)
Lactogenesis Stage II
hormone released from posterior pituitary by newborn suckling that:
Causes uterine contractions
Causes contraction of myoepithelial cells to eject milk from alveoli into ducts
Results in a feeling of calm
oxytocin
oxytocin is released by the:
posterior pituitary
Maternal ________ reduces oxytocin release
stress
hormone released from anterior pituitary gland that causes milk synthesis
prolactin
hormone that is inhibited by progesterone, estrogen, and dopamine
prolactin
With milk removal, hypothalamus inhibits ________
dopamine
Nipple stimulation doubles plasma concentration of:
prolactin
Greater than 8 feedings/24 hrs prevents ___________ decline
prolactin
prolactin levels are higher at _____time
night
The Maintenance of Milk Supply that is completely baby driven (autocrine) NOT hormone driven (endocrine)
Galactopoesis
Rate of milk synthesis mL/hr
17-33 mL/hour
slower milk synthesis rates will occur when breasts are _______
full
Breastmilk is ____% water
87.5%
Breastmilk has Vitamins ___ ____ ____
A, C, E
Breastmilk has ____ protein
whey
Breastmilk has these immunoglobulins
SIgA, IgM, IgG
component of breastmilk that inhibits the adhesion of e.coli to cells
lactoferrin
bactericidal and anti-inflammatory component of breastmilk that increases in concentration after 6 months old
lysozome
components of breastmilk that help with muscle and protein building
taurine, casein
components of breastmilk that digest bacteria
prostaglandins and cytokines
primary dietary source of calories in breastmilk
fats
long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids aid in _______ ability in baby
cognitive
free-fatty acids in breastmilk are anti-________
infective
Vitamin responsbile for Central Nervous System development in baby so vegan diet may result in breastmilk deficiency
B12
Vitamin in breastmilk but it takes several days for gut promotes normal colonization to synthesize it
Vitamin K
________ is 5x more absorbable in breastmilk than in formula
Iron
amount of antibodies in the breastmilk is _______-dependent
dose
pathways that result in mom producing antibodies in breastmilk that will protect from certain pathogens that she or baby comes into contact with
lymphocyte
has a greater concentration of protein and IgA than breastmilk
colostrum
colostrum production rate in 1st 24 hours
37 mL/hr (7 mL/feeding)
the most important antibody that protects baby from respiratory and GI illnesses
SIgA
this hormone will rapidly decrease if the breasts are not stimulated by suckling
prolactin
nutrient that is higher in concentration in colostrum than in mature milk
protein
management of nipple pain can be eased by:
breastfeeding on least sore side first
breastfeeding mothers should supplement ____-____ ug of iodine daily
150-250
breastmilk stored in separate-door freezer should be used:
ASAP to maintain nourishment
BFing mothers with a vegan diet should supplement dietary Vitamins ____, ____, ____
B12, Vit. D, Iron
the most influential person on African American mother’s choice to breastfeed
maternal GM
Factors that influence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: culture ethnicity education family economic status advertising support
mother’s choice to breastfeed
AAP breastfeeding recommendations
1 year; exclusive x 6 months, add solids @ 6 months
WHO breastfeeding recommendations
2 years; exclusive x 6 months, add solids @ 6 months
Risks of ___________:
possible contamination during manufacturing/preparing
not enough money
incorrect preparation
formula feeding
Risks of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: osteoporosis premenopausal breast cancer ovarian cancer liklihood of closely-spaced pregnancies Type II DM
not breastfeeding for mother
1a. Comply fully with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions.
1b. Have a written infant feeding policy that is routinely communicated to staff and parents.
1c. Establish ongoing monitoring and data-management systems.
2. Ensure that staff have sufficient knowledge, competence and skills to support breastfeeding.
Key clinical practices:
3. Discuss the importance and management of breastfeeding with pregnant women and their families.
- Facilitate immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and support mothers to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth.
- Support mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding and manage common difficulties.
- Do not provide breastfed newborns any food or fluids other than breast milk, unless medically indicated.
- Enable mothers and their infants to remain together and to practise rooming-in 24 hours a day.
- Support mothers to recognize and respond to their infants’ cues for feeding.
- Counsel mothers on the use and risks of feeding bottles, teats and pacifiers.
- Coordinate discharge so that parents and their infants have timely access to ongoing support and care.
Ten Steps for Baby-Friendly Hospital Status
milk removal must occur by day ___ after birth to establish successful lactation
3
by day 5, babies will intake ___-___ mL breastmilk per day
500-800
severe engorgement symptoms
baby unable to latch
mild fever
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ treatment: massage heat compress warm bath no wire bra, well fitted cotton bras lecithin
plugged duct
antineoplastic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, amiodarone, lithium
drugs that cannot be taken while breastfeeding
drugs with molecular weight >___________ can not enter the milkd
1000 daltons
HIV positive mothers __________ breastfeed
should not
breast growth and development
mammogenesis
hormones that contribute to duct and glandular development
estrogen and progesterone
