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NM 705 PP + NB Care > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

stage of lung development at 16-25 weeks gestation that consists of canaliculi branching out of terminal bronchioles to form an acinus composed of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

A

Carnalicular Stage

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2
Q

functional unit of the lung composed of about 6 respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

A

acinus

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3
Q

stage of lung development at 25-36 weeks gestation in which terminal saccules continue to elongate, branch and widen
septa between saccules still thick at the beginning of this stage

A

Saccular Stage

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4
Q

alveolar ducts that are elongating, branching and widening in the saccular stage of lung development

A

terminal saccules

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5
Q

At ____ weeks,
All generations of conducting and respiratory bronchioles are formed
Blood-air barrier is reduces to 3 thin layers

A

36

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6
Q

Layers of ________:
Type I pneumocytes
fusal basal membrane
capillary endothelium

A

Blood-air Barrier

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7
Q

stage of lung development at 36 weeks gestation - 3-8 years old in which saccular epithelium begins to fold over elastin and collagen fibers to form an epithelial “tube” or alveolar septum
*Initially, a primary septum separates the alveolar saccules, containing a double layer of capillaries

A

Alveolar Stage

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8
Q

onset of physiological jaundice (TSB >7 mg/dL)

A

after 36 hours

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9
Q

onset of breastfeeding-associated jaundice (TSB >7 mg/dL)

A

2-4 days

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10
Q

onset of breastmilk jaundice (TSB >7 mg/dL)

A

4-7 days

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11
Q

peak time of physiological jaundice

A

3-4 days in formula-fed infants
slightly later in Asian + Asian-American infants
5-7 days in breastfed infants

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12
Q

peak time of breastfeeding-associated jaundice

A

3-6 days

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13
Q

peak time of breastmilk jaundice

A

5-15 days

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14
Q

peak TSB of physiological jaundice

A

5-12 mg/dL in formula-fed infants

7-14 mg/dL in breastfed and Asian + Asian-American infants

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15
Q

peak TSB of breastfeeding-associated jaundice

A

> 12 mg/dL

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16
Q

peak TSB of breastmilk jaundice

A

> 10 mg/dL

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17
Q

incidence of physiological jaundice in full-term infants

A

50-60%

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18
Q

incidence of breastfeeding-associated jaundice in full-term infants

A

12-13%

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19
Q

incidence of breastmilk jaundice in full-term infants

A

2-4%

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20
Q

characteristics of breastfeeding-associated jaundice in full-term infants

A 
jaundice appears within 1st week of life
poor feeding
weight loss
dehydration signs
infrequent urine output
delayed meconium passage
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21
Q

characteristics of breastmilk jaundice in full-term infants

A

jaundice appears after 1st week of life and persists for up to 12 weeks of life
feels well
normal weight gain
normal urine output

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22
Q

onset of pathological jaundice

A

rises quickly, within 24 hours

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23
Q

peak time of pathological jaundice

A

24 hours

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24
Q

characteristics of pathological jaundice

A

visible jaundice persists after 1st week of life
poor feeding
weight loss
Risk factors:
cephalohematoma
ABO blood group or Rh (D) incompatibility
polycythemia

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25
Q

peak TSB of pathological jaundice

A

> 13 mg/dL

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26
Q

normal NB Hct

A

43-63%

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27
Q

normal NB Hgb

A

14-20 g/dL

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28
Q

normal NB WBC

A

10-30

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29
Q

normal NB PLT

A

150,000-400,000

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30
Q

vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta
have the ability to constrict– this is important later!

A

umbilical arteries

31
Q

vessel that carries the oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby

A

umbilical vein

32
Q

arteries (that branch off the internal iliac arteries) become the umbilical arteries of the umbilical cord and are responsible for returning the non-oxygenated blood, fecal waste, and carbon dioxide to the placenta.

A

hypogastric arteries

33
Q

in fetal life, pulmonary vessels are __________

A

vasoconstricted

34
Q

the pressure in the fetal pulmonary vessels is ______

A

HIGH

35
Q

the pressure in the fetal systemic vessels is _______

A

LOW

36
Q

a tiny bit of blood does flow into the ___________ and the fetal _____

A

pulmonary arteries; lungs

37
Q

shunt that takes blood back to the aorta- allows for blood mixing (may remain open after birth in the case of cardiac abnormalities)

A

ductus arteriosus

38
Q

3 shunts in fetal circulation

A

ductus venosus
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus

39
Q

constriction of the umbilical arteries at birth shuts down the:

A

low pressure system

40
Q

oxygen dilates the pulmonary vessels causing the pressure to _______

A

decrease

41
Q

when the pressure drops in the pulmoary vessels, the systemic circulation is now ________ than the pressure in the lungs

A

greater

42
Q

the systemic circulation increasing in pressure results in ________ pulmonary blood flow

A

increased

43
Q

At birth, pulmonary circulation changes from ____ to ____ resistance pathway

A

high to low

44
Q

At birth, systemic circulation changes from ____ to ____ resistance pathway

A

low to high

45
Q

constriction of the ductus arteriosus after birth occurs due to:

A

high oxygenation

decreased prostaglandins

46
Q

closure of the foramen ovale after birth occurs due to:

A 
decreased umbilical blood flow
decreased venous return from the inferior vena cava
MOSTLY DUE TO:
decreased pressure in the right atrium
increased pressure in the left atrium
(**pressure gradients are reversed)
47
Q

umbilical vein remains _______ after birth

A

dilated

48
Q

these atrophy and become fibrous ligaments

A

foramen ovale, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus

49
Q

fetal circulation is a low pressure system with _____ to _____ shunting

A

right to left

50
Q

fetal system is ______ pressure

A

high

51
Q

fetal system has ______ pulmonary resistance

A

high

52
Q

fetal system has _______ systemic resistance

A

low

53
Q

newborn system is ______ pressure

A

low

54
Q

newborn system has ______ pulmonary resistance

A

low

55
Q

newborn system has _______ systemic resistance

A

high

56
Q

alveolar stage begins at ____ weeks

A

36

57
Q

a small amount of surfactant can be found in the ___________ stage

A

canalicular

58
Q

stage of lung development in which alveoli increase from 50 to 500 million

A

alveolar

59
Q

what stage is there a structure present that could support respiration (viability)?

A

canalicular

60
Q

stage in which the epithelium begins to produce amnioitic fluid

A

pseudoglandular

61
Q

stage in which the beginning of alveolar sacs and end of terminal bronchioles are found

A

alveolar

62
Q

1st day of gestation that cardiac structure will develop

A

day 18

63
Q

ductus venosus closes how soon after birth?

A

immediately

64
Q

lecithin and sphingomyelin are the two primary ___________ in surfactant

A

phospholipids

65
Q

________ disrupts lung development leading to hypoplasia

A

oligohydramnios

66
Q

fetal circulation is characterized by a _____ pressure system

A

low

67
Q

if the infant does not get enough oxygen after birth, the pulmonary vascular pressure will be:

A

high

68
Q

a drop in prostaglandin results in closure of:

A

the ductus arteriosus

69
Q

the most critical chemical component that initiates newborn breathing

A

increased CO2

70
Q

pulmonary surfactant is secreted by Type ___ alveolar cells

A

II

71
Q

vessels that are considered vasoactive in fetal/NB circulation and can constrict

A

pulmonary artery
ductus arteriosus
umbilical artery

72
Q

birth environment that preserves newborn BAT

A

neutral thermal environment

73
Q

Known as __________:
intestinal epithelium line of defense once armed and impermeable to antigens, it makesthe infant is “safe” from some microbial invasions via the GI tract

A

gut closure

74
Q

gut closure occurs within ____ days for breastfed babies

A

days

NM 705 PP + NB Care (4 decks)

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