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UCSP midterms > Module 3 - 5 > Flashcards

Module 3 - 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Man was created by God out of dust
  • 6th day of creation
  • Adam and Eve
A

Biblical theory (Genesis 2: 1-24)

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2
Q
  • Man originated from bamboo
  • Malakas at Maganda
A

Myths and Legends

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3
Q
  • Charles Darwin
  • Origin of the Species
  • Environment factors certain organisms and those organisms can survive can pass on their traits (“survival of the fittest”)
A

Natural Selection

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4
Q

Some individuals are better adapted to their environment than others

A

Variation

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5
Q

Organisms produce progeny with different set of traits that can be inherited

A

Heritability

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6
Q

Organisms that have traits most suitable to their environment survives and pass it off to their off-springs

A

Differential reproductive process

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7
Q

What are the 2 environmental factors that initiated the evolution of man?

A

Continental drift, Climate change

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8
Q

Biological factors that initiated the evolution of man

A
  • Development and enlargement of the human brain
  • Development and enlargement of vocal tract
  • Improvement of the gripping capacity
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9
Q

First to exhibit bipedalism, or walking on two feet

A

Australopithicus Sp.

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10
Q

Lived 3.9-3.0 million years ago, first discovered in 1974 by Carl
Johansson in Ethiopia, nicknamed “Lucy”

A

Australopithecus afarensis

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10
Q

Lived 3.3-2.1 million years ago, first discovered in 1924 by Raymond Dart in South Africa, nicknamed “Taung”

A

Australopithecus africanus

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11
Q

First known toolmaker

A

Homo Habilis

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12
Q

First discovered by Louis and Mary Leakey in 1960 in present-day Tanzania

A

Homo Habilis

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13
Q

First discovered in Java, Indonesia in 1891 by Eugene Dubois

A

Homo erectus

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14
Q

First known user and maker of fire

A

Homo erectus

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15
Q

First known hominid to travel outside Africa

A

Homo erectus

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16
Q

First discovered in 1856 in Neander Valley, Germany, by Johann Carl Fulhrott

A

Homo Neanderthalensis

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17
Q

First known creator of clothes and ornaments

A

Homo Neanderthalensis

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18
Q

First known practitioner of burials

A

Homo Neanderthalensis

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19
Q

The modern-day humans, first taxonomically described by Carolus Linnaeus

A

Homo sapiens

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20
Q

Claimed to be the “missing link” between apes and humans by Charles Dawson in 1912

A

Piltdown man

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21
Q

Modern chemical tests conducted in 1949 concluded that it was a fake hominid, composed of parts from a human and an ape combined together

A

Piltdown man

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22
Q

Races:
European region

A

Caucasoid

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23
Q

Races:
South Asian region

A

Australoid

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24
Q

Races:
Northeast Asian region

A

Mongoloid

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25
Q

Races:
African region

A

Negroid

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26
Q

Filipinos came from the three consecutive waves of
migration of races

A

The wave migration theory

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27
Q

Filipinos descended from Austronesians (product of
intermarriage between Australoids and Mongoloids), who first interacted within the present-day ASEAN region and spread throughout the region through maritime travel

A

The austronesian theory

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28
Q

Dated 709,000 years ago from Kalinga, Rizal

A

Rhinoceros and Stone tools

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29
Q

Discovered at Callao Cave, Cagayan in 2007 by a team of archaeologists from the University of the Philippines Diliman Archaeological Studies Program (ASP) led by Professor Arman Mijares and said to be 60,000-70,000 years old

A

Callao man

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30
Q

Discovered at Tabon Cave, Palawan in 1962 by Professor Robert Fox of the National Museum of the Philippines (NM) and the University of the Philippines (UP) and said to be 30,000 years old.

A

Tabon Man

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31
Q

Tools were small and handy for mobile lifestyle

A

Paleolithic period

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32
Q

Subsistence of paleolithic period

A

foraging

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33
Q

Social division in paleolithic period

A

communal lifestyle

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34
Q

Wider and bigger tools due to sedentary lifestyle

A

neolithic period

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35
Q

Personal property in neolithic period

A

houses

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36
Q

Subsistence of neolithic period

A

Agriculture

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37
Q

Social division in neolithic period

A

Elite vs working class

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38
Q

Where did metal age emerge?

A

Southwest asia

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39
Q

People discovered metals and metallurgy

A

Metal age

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40
Q

Development of writing systems, pyramids, and ziggurats

A

Metal age

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41
Q

Periods of socio-cultural development

A
  • Foraging/Hunting and Gathering Stage
  • Pastoral Stage and Horticultural Stage
  • Agricultural Stage
  • Industrial Stage
  • Post-Industrial Stage
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42
Q

Nomadic living: People settle in a place for food and transfer to another once the resources are depleted

A

Foraging

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43
Q

People started to settle for good in a particular location

A

Pastoralism and Horticulture

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44
Q

Learned to domesticate animals and plant in their yards for personal consumption

A

Pastoralism and Horticulture

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45
Q

People learned to plant crops and tend livestock for business and trade

A

Agriculture

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46
Q

Start of social stratification due to rise of individual/private property

A

Agriculture

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47
Q

Rise of civilizations, ancient empires, manors and kingdoms

A

Agriculture

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48
Q

Social relations: slavemaster or serf-lord

A

Agriculture

49
Q

Replacement of manual labor by mechanized production, powered by steam, oil, and nuclear power

A

Industrial stage

50
Q

Dominant social relations: bourgeoise (rich) – proletariat (poor)

A

Industrial stage

50
Q

Rise of nation-states and empires

A

Industrial stage

51
Q
  • Called “third wave” and “fourth wave” of industrialization
  • From mechanization to digitization
  • Dominance and prevalence of information technology
  • Rise of internet and social media
  • “borderless” countries due to globalization
A

Post-industrial stage

52
Q

Lifelong social experience where one learns his potentials and his culture

A

Socialization

53
Q

Process by which people acquire personality through interaction

A

Socialization

54
Q

Goals of socialization

A

Teach conscience, roles, and values

55
Q

Forms of socialization

A

Enculturation and Acculturation

56
Q

Adapting to the surrounding culture

A

Enculturation

57
Q

Adapting to another culture

A

Acculturation

58
Q

Diffusion of one’s culture or another

A

Enculturation

59
Q

Results of socialization

A

Self identity, Status & Roles, Norms and Values

60
Q

Model of consciousness: The I and Me:______________
The Looking Glass Self Concept:__________

A

George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley

61
Q

Looking at ourselves as how others react to us

A

The Looking Glass Self Concept

62
Q

Position with according roles that an individual can occupy in society

A

Status

63
Q

2 Types of status

A

Ascribed and achieved

64
Q

Given at birth or assigned later in life

A

Ascribed status

65
Q

Wilfully acquired through effort

A

Achieved status

66
Q

Set of expectations from people who occupy a particular status

A

Role

67
Q

Behavior of an individual in a social space in accordance to his status

A

Role performance

68
Q

Multiplicity of roles

A

Role set

69
Q

Two or more statuses require distinct roles

A

Role conflict

70
Q

Difficulty in performing his role

A

Role strain

71
Q

Discontinuation of a role to focus on a role set

A

Role exit

72
Q

Culturally pre-determined rules that guide people what is right, wrong, proper, or improper

A

Norms

73
Q

Criteria for judging the rightness or wrongness of an act

A

Values

74
Q

Socially approved behaviors without moral basis

A

Folkways

75
Q

Norms related to moral conventions

A

Mores

76
Q

Behaviors that are absolutely forbidden

A

Taboos

77
Q

Rules and regulations implemented by the state

A

Laws

78
Q

Act of following the roles and goals of society

A

Conformity

79
Q

Conformity is met with _______

A

rewards and acceptance

80
Q

Act of violating against the norms

A

Deviance

81
Q

Disapproval to nonconforming members of society

A

Stigma

82
Q

Deviance is caused by lack in stronger social bonds

A

Social control theory

83
Q

Deviance is based on cost and benefit

A

Rational choice theory

84
Q

Deviance is learned through association

A

Differential association theory

85
Q

Deviance is caused by classification

A

Labeling theory

86
Q

Deviance is due to imbalance of society’s goals and the individual’s means to achieve them

A

Strain theory

86
Q

Deviance is caused by inequality conflicts

A

Conflict theory

87
Q

Deviance is caused by breakdown of social norms

A

Structuralist-Functionalist theory

88
Q

Means to prevent deviance to rewards and punishment

A

Social control

89
Q

Elements to promote social control:
____________: made to conform through cost-benefit orientation
____________: rewards or punishment given upon conformity/deviance in an action

A

Internalization, Sanctions

90
Q

Rewards/punishment awarded by an institution

A

Formal

91
Q

Rewards/punishment given by a group

A

Informal

92
Q

Rewards

A

Positive

93
Q

Punishments

A

Negative

94
Q

______ is a unit of people who interact with some regularity and identify themselves as a unit.

A

Group

95
Q

Collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about
one another’s behavior.

A

Group

96
Q

Social structure consisting of people who have varying degrees of relations and
interrelationships.

A

Social network

97
Q
  • Small but intimate.
  • Members have direct access and interaction.
  • Emotional bonds are formed
A

Primary group

98
Q
  • Formed to perform a specific purpose.
  • Members interact with each other to accomplish the goals of the group.
  • Formal and impersonal.
A

Secondary group

99
Q

Group that an individual is not a part of.

A

Out-group

100
Q
  • Social group in which an individual directly affiliates and expresses loyalty to.
  • Application of stereotypes: + for members and – for non-members.
A

In-group

101
Q

Competition with members of the out-group.

A

In-group

102
Q

Characteristics (Shandra,2007): Use of titles, external symbols and dress

A

In-group

103
Q

Group that such an individual considers as ideal

A

Reference group

104
Q

Tendency of individuals to depend on other’s initiative to perform tasks that are
originally expected of them.

A

Social Loafing or Free-Riding

104
Q

United acceptance and practice of idea that is believed as group loyalty

A

groupthink

105
Q

According to the bureaucratic theory of Max Weber, bureaucracy is the basis for the systematic formation of any organization and is designed to ensure efficiency and
economic effectiveness. It is an ideal model for management and its administration to bring an organization’s power structure into focus.

A

BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL

106
Q

Proponent of BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL

A

MAX WEBER

107
Q

Proponent of collectivist organization model

A

Karl Marx

108
Q

Shifting from class-based to classless society

A

collectivist organization model

109
Q

Demise of bureaucratic organizations

A

collectivist organization model

110
Q

In rural societies

A

Gemeinschaft

111
Q

Personal and face-to-face interactions

A

Gemeinschaft

112
Q

Based on traditional rules

A

Gemeinschaft

113
Q

In urban societies and bureaucracies

A

Gesselschaft

114
Q

Impersonal and indirect.

A

Gesselschaft

115
Q

Dominance of rationality and self interest.

A

Gesselschaft

116
Q

Proponent of Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft

A

Ferdinand Tönnies

UCSP midterms (2 decks)

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