Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Feelings > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between a primary and secondary Group

A

Primary Group: characterized by an informal structure and social process. Membership is automatic (as in a family) or voluntarily due to common interest (ex: a club or religion). Important in self concepts/descriptions.

• Secondary groups: have a planned, time-limited association, a prescribed structure, and designated leader, a specific and identifiable purpose. When goal achieved, group is disbanded. (Focus groups, therapy groups, discipline-specific work groups, interdisciplinary health care teams, and educational groups).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Yalom described curative changes in groups

What are they?

A
  1. Instillation of hope
  2. Universality
  3. Imparting information
  4. Altruism
  5. The corrective recapitulation of the primary family group
  6. Development of socializing techniques
  7. Imitative behavior
  8. Interpersonal learning
  9. Group cohesiveness
  10. Catharsis
  11. Existential factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

*What are group dynamics?

A
  • communication processes and behaviors occurring during the life of the group
  • represent a complex blend of individual and group characteristics interacting to achieve a group purpose
  • these processes and behaviours are, for example, communication variables, the acts of clarifying, reflecting, linking, paraphrasing, and summarizing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is functional similarity

A

“choosing group members who have enough common intellectually, emotionally, and experientially to interact with each other in a meaningful way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a group norm?

A

behavioural rules of conduct expected from group members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are universal Norms?

A

stated behavioural standards that must be present in all groups for effective outcomes (ex: confidentiality, regular attendance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Group specific norms?

A

evolve from the group itself in the storming phase. Represent shared beliefs, values, and operational rules (ex: tolerance for latecomers, use of humour, talking to rather than about members)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are group roles?

A
  • people in groups assume OR are ascribed roles that influence BOTH
    their communication and the responses of others
  • a person’s role position in the group corresponds with the status, power, and internal image that other members in the group have of the members. Example: helper, boss, comedian
  • members often have trouble breaking away from roles they have been cast in (ex: members look to the “helper” for advice even when that person lacks expertise)
  • group may project a role position onto a member that represents a hidden agenda or unresolved issue (ex: scapegoat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two constructive role functions?

Benne and sheats

A

Task Functions:
behaviours used to move toward goal achievement
Maintenance Functions:
behaviours designed to ensure personal satisfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non constructive roles?

A

Self Roles:
roles that create distraction or discomfort; meet self-needs at the expense of other members’ needs, groups values and goal achievement
aggressor, blocker, joker, avoider, self-confessor, recognition
(See Table 12.2 for definitions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Task functions?

CCSSI

A

Initiating: identifies goal Suggests strategies

Seeking information: requests facts Giving information: offers facts, useful
information

Clarifying: interprets ideas, paraphrases, adds information

Summarzing: pulls ideas together, restates, offers suggestions

Consensus Taking: checks to see if group has reached a conclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maintenance functions?

A

Maintenance Functions
Harmonizing: attempts to reconcile disagreements
Gatekeeping: keeps channels open, points out commonalities in ideas
Encouraging: shows acceptance of others; is warm, friendly, responsive
Compromising: admits mistakes; offers concessions
Setting standards: calls for group to reassess or confirm groups norms when necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tuckman’s (1965, 1977) Five Phases

A
  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing
  5. Adjourning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forming

A
  • members come together to form a group
  • members are strangers to each other
  • orientation phase: learn about each other, develop trust -dependence on a leader for direction, orientation, relationship development
  • leader helps group members feel accepted
  • members are encouraged introduce themselves and share a little of their background and reasons for joining the group
  • finding common threads in personal experience
  • learning about group goals and tasks (minimal work on the task) -basic need for acceptance
  • clarify expectations of the leader and the members
  • set up group expectations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Storming

A
  • group members move to a deeper level - “gloves come off” -conflict around interpersonal issues, power and control issues -communication can be controversial
  • leader as facilitator
  • the leader plays an important facilitative role by accepting differences in perceptions as normal, growth producing
  • use “testing behaviours” around boundaries, communication styles, and personal reactions
  • phase is uncomfortable (disagreement w/ format, topics, goals) -leader affirms genuine strengths in individual members -resolution of the storming phase is evidenced in the willingness of members to take stands on their personal preferences without being defensive, and to compromise.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Norming

A
  • occurs after initial conflict is resolved in the storming phase. - cohesiveness develops as standards evolve by members are accepted as operational norms (group norms make the group safe)
  • Individual goals align with group goals
  • group holds members accountable and challenges those who fail to adhere to expectations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Preforming

A
  • members focus on problem solving, working together and participating in the growth and development of the group’s members
  • loyalty to group and individual members
  • comfortable taking risks and offering constructive comments
  • feelings affirmed and respected
  • members work through issues in ways that are acceptable to the group -effective leaders trust group members to develop their own solutions but reign in group dynamics when needed
18
Q

Adjourning

A
  • occurs when the group members have achieved desired outcomes
  • disengagement
  • leader encourages members to express felling about one another in a constructive way
  • reviewing on what has been accomplished
  • reflecting on the meaning of the groups work together -making plans to move on in different directions
  • leader closes the group with a summary of goal achievement
19
Q

Important factors of therapeutic groups

Group Cohesion

A
  • refers to the value a group holds for its members and their investment in being a part of the group
  • describes emotional bonds among members for each other and underscores their commitment to the group
  • demonstrated by a sense of common purpose, collaboration, team spirit, a sense of caring and being valued
20
Q

What is a therapeutic group?

A

applies to group relationships, refers to more than treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders. Offers a structured format that encourages a person to experience his or her natural healing potential.

Therapy groups are designed to remediate or correct behavioral disorders and issues that limit a person’s potential in personal and work relationships

21
Q

*What is monopolizing?

A
  • a negative form of power communication used to advance a personal agenda without consideration of others
  • leader should address the behaviour, not the motivation
22
Q

Homogeneous groups:

vs

Heterogeneous groups:

A

Homogeneous groups:
-share common characteristics
-share a common personal attribute (ex: gender, age)
-ex: breast cancer support group, AA or similar group, gender- specific consciousness-raising group, eating disorder group, educational groups related to diagnosis or specific learning needs
Heterogeneous groups:
-represent a wider diversity of human experiences and problems -members vary in age, gender, psychodynamics
-ex: most psychotherapy and insight-oriented personal growth groups

23
Q

Types of therapeutic groups

*advantage of long term settings

A

Offer oportunities for socially isolated individuals to engage with others
ex: reminiscence groups, reality orientation groups, resocialization groups, re- motivation groups (p. 235-237)

24
Q

*Advantage of self help and support groups

A

Offer emotional and practical support to clients and families; usually held in the community with informal leadership by members
ex: chronic illness (diabetes, COPD, mental health, cardiac, dementia), crises, ill health (cancer, palliative support)

25
Q

*Characteristics of effective groups

A

Effective Groups: (Table 12-3, p. 233)
 Goals are clearly identified and collaboratively developed
 Open, goal directed communication of feelings and ideas
 Power shared equally and rotated among members
- depending on the ability and group needs
 Decision making is flexible and adapted to group needs
 Controversy is viewed as healthy because it builds member
involvement and creates stronger solutions
 Healthy balance between task and maintenance role functioning
 Individual contributions acknowledged and respected
-diversity is encouraged.
 Interpersonal effectiveness, innovation, & problem solving are evident

26
Q

Characteristic of ineffective groups

A

Ineffective Groups: (Table 12-3, p. 233)
 Goals are vague or imposed on the group without discussion
 Communication is guarded; feelings are not always given attention
 Power resides in the leader or is delegated with little regards to
member needs. It is not shared.
 Decision making occurs with little or no consultation
-consensus is expected, not negotiated based on data
 Controversy and open conflict are not tolerated
 Individual resources are not used. Conformity is rewarded and
diversity is not respected.
 Problem-solving abilities, morale, and interpersonal effectiveness are
low and undervalued.

27
Q

*What is a informal leader?

A
  • some individuals will emerge as informal leaders within the group
  • power is given to members who best clarify the needs of the other group members, or who move the group toward an achievement
  • they are not always the members making the most statements
28
Q

*Advantage of co leader

A
  • dual points of view can be useful to group
  • recommended for facilitating groups with psychotic clients because the leadership demands are so intense in these groups - differing theoretical orientations can be problematic
29
Q

*What are the guidelines for brainstorming

A

1) Entertain all ideas without censure
2) Test more promising ideas for relevance
3) Explore consequences of each potential solution
4) Identify human and instrumental resources, including
availability
5) Achieve agreement about best possible solutions

30
Q

What is group think?

A
  • defined by Janis (1971, 1982)
  • occurs when loyalty and approval by other group members become so important that members are afraid to express conflicting ideas and opinions for fear of being excluded by the group
  • group exerts pressure on members to act as one voice in decision- making
  • realistic appraisal of issues gets lost
  • creates irrational decisions and dissatisfaction with goal achievement
31
Q

*Signs of group think? (8)

A

1) Illusion of invulnerability
2) Collective rationalisation that disregards warnings
3) Belief in inherent morality of the decision
4) Stereotyped negative views of people outside of group
5) Direct pressure on dissenters to not express their concerns
6) Self-censorship; individual members with doubts don’t express them
7) Illusion of unanimity in which majority view is held to be unanimous
8) Self-appointed “mind-guards” within the group who withhold problematic or contradictory data

32
Q

What did peace and power set out to explain

A
  • a theoretical basis for the group process

- a means of creating healthy group interactions

33
Q

Assumptions made in peace and power?

A

Assumption #1: All human relationships involve the use of power. Power can be used to create harmony, collective strength, and individual well-being. or serve the selected interests of those in power and not the interests of the whole.

Assumption #2: Usually there is one person or group of people who have relative privilege or power in any group

Assumption #3: People generally seek peace and cooperation where they are relatively free from competition and power imbalances. A “home,” place of “refuge,”

Assumption #4: Western societal public realm tends to associate with male power, the ability to exercise one’s will in the world, and with that which is strong, powerful and savvy. Those in power can and will impose their will on others.

Assumption #5: Conflict is inevitable in ALL human relationships. Can be handled constructively through cooperation and mutual desire for the good

Assumption #6: People recognize and desire the value of cooperative ways of working together. (Shared governance & participatory management)

34
Q

What is the acronym PEACE?

The ideals power and peace relations work towards

A
  1. Praxis: refection and action to transform the world
  2. Empowerment: growth of personal ability to enact one’s will in the context of love and respect for others
  3. Awareness: growing knowledge of self and others
  4. Cooperation: Commitment to group solidarity and integrity
  5. Evolvement: Commitment to deliberate growth and change
35
Q

Key implication of peace and power in nursing

A

-Promotes health by reducing stress and distress created by hostile conflict.

Provides groups a framework for working through conflict when power inequities are present.

Provides for the subconcepts of peace to arise

36
Q

What are the two kinds of power discussed in “peace and power” ?

A

peace powers and power-over powers

37
Q

Which power in more common in the public sphere? Which in Private

A

Public- Power over power
R/T rules, hierarchy, command, results (ends justify the means), and expediency

Private- Peace powers
Associated with nurturing, integration of all points of view, distribution of resources, and diversity

38
Q

Which gender is applied to “power over” power

A

Men

39
Q

What is the dialectic in “peace and power”

A

Relationship between peace power and power over. Constant interplay between the two dynamics in group relationships.

A dialectic tension between the ideals of peace powers and learned habits of power-over pow- ers gives the group a basis for making adjustments that gradually lead toward peace.

40
Q

Does peace and power embody democratic principles?

A

Yes

the process of “Peace and Power” embodies direct democracy. The peace powers that require a democratic structure include the power of diversity (ev-ery voice is heard), the power of solidarity (each individual is fully engaged in making decisions), and the power of integration (all views, including the minority, are integrated into actions and decisions) . “Peace and Power” processes are designed so that each and every individual is empowered to speak, to act, to learn, and to be fully involved (Chinn, 2013b).

41
Q

What is emancipatory intent?

A

The intent and outcome of PEACE - emphasizing such emancipatory intents as empowerment for all, sharing of skills and knowledge

Feelings (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions