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BOTANY IN TAXONOMY > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest living unit?

A

Cell

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2
Q

Who was the first to discover cell?

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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3
Q

Who stated that all plants is composed of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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4
Q

Who stated that also animals are composed of cells?

A

Theodor Schwann

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5
Q

Who stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells?

A

Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

It is the study of the structure and the function of cells?

A

cytology

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7
Q

What is the3 cell theory?

A

1) All biological organisms are composed of calls
2) Cell are the basic unit of life
3) All life comes from pre-existing life

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8
Q

What are the two Primary kinds of Cells?

A

Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell

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9
Q

It doesn’t have a true nucleus

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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10
Q

In Prokaryotic cell the DNA is coiled up in a region called?

A

Nucleoid

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11
Q

It have a true nucleus containing DNA.

A

Eukaryotic cell

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12
Q

What is it that can only be found in plant cell?

A

Chloroplast
cell wall
Vacoule

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13
Q

What is it that only animal cell have and cannot be found in Plant cell?

A

Centrioles

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14
Q

It is a basic building block of plant life and they carry out all the necessary functions for the plant survival

A

plant cell

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15
Q

Plant cell are eukaryotic cells, which have a true nucleus along with specialized structures called?

A

organelles

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16
Q

Cell wall is composed of?

A

Cellulose

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17
Q

What are the other substances that can be found in cell wall?

A

lignin
suberin
cutin

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18
Q

it is a structural carbohydrate and considered a complex sugar because it is used in both protection and structure?

A

Cellulose

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19
Q

It is also called as the cell jello

A

Cytoplasm

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20
Q

It is present within the cell membrane and contains all organelles and cell parts

A

Cytoplasm

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21
Q

It is responsible for giving a cell its shape ad most chemical processes take place here.

A

Cytoplasm

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22
Q

It is called the “Framework”

A

Cytoskeleton

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23
Q

It is called the “Framework”, it involved in the movement within the cell.

A

Cytoskeleton

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24
Q

It maintains call shape and help in internal movement and mobility

A

Cytoskeleton

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25
Q

What are the two parts of Cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules
Microfilaments

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26
Q

It is a large tubular structure that is composed of the protein tubulin

A

Microtubules

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27
Q

It is part of the structure of cilia and flagella.

A

Microtubules

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28
Q

It moves chromosomes during cell division (Spindle fibers)

A

Microtubules

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29
Q

It is a structure that is wade from G-actin protein

A

Microfilaments

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30
Q

It is a small spherical organelles with a specialized enzymes all are bound by single membrane

A

Microbodies

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31
Q

What are the different part of microbodies?

A

Peroxisome
Glyoxysome
Lysosomes

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32
Q

It is an organelles that contain digestive enzymes (Only in animal cells)

A

Lysosome

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33
Q

It’s a membrane-bound packet of oxidative enzymes

A

Peroxisome

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34
Q

It’s a process where enzymes is need by plants to survive during hot conditions

A

Photorespiration

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35
Q

It convert the fatty acids to sugar as fuel for respiration

A

Glyxoxysome

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36
Q

Its system of membrane-bond channels visible only under the electron microscope.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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37
Q

It facilitates the transport of materials within the cell and connected with the outer membrane of the nucleus

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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38
Q

It has ribosomes are attached into the Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER

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39
Q

Ribosomes aren’t attached on the endoplasmic.

A

smooth ER

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40
Q

What is being synthesized in the smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Lipids
Phospholipids

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41
Q

What is being synthesized in the smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Lipids
Phospholipids

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42
Q

What is being synthesized in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Proteins

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43
Q

these are dense granules present in the cytoplasm. It maybe free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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44
Q

How to determines what kind of protein ribosomes makes?

A

Location of the ribosomes

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45
Q

It is known as the “Powerhouse of the Cell”.

A

Mitochondria

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46
Q

It’s main function is to perform cellular respiration and to regulate cellular metabolism

A

Mitochondria

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47
Q

Mitochondria is double layered organelle. What do you call the part that is inside of the fold?

A

Cristae

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48
Q

They occur in a variety of shapes and sizes.

A

Plastids

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49
Q

In plastids, the higher the plants is they have more?

A

Chloroplast

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50
Q

What are the two parts you’ll find in the Chloroplast?

A

Grana
Thylakoids

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51
Q

It resembles two frisbee glued together

A

Chloroplast

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52
Q

It is found within the Chloroplast formed from a membranes like a stack of coins

A

Grana

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53
Q

It contains green Chlorophyll pigments, it’s the location of the 1st steps of photosynthesis happen

A

Thylakoids

54
Q

In thylakoids how many stacks that can be found in each granum?

A

2-100

55
Q

What are th different types of Plastids

A

Chromoplast
Leucoplast
Carotenoid

56
Q

It has green plastids and contains Chlorophyll and carotenoid

A

Chromoplast

57
Q

It has colorless plastids

A

Leucoplast

58
Q

Plastids have a red and yellow pigments

A

Carotenoid

59
Q

It is an orderly series of events where cells divide

A

Cell cycle

60
Q

It is an orderly series of events where cells divide

A

Cell cycle

61
Q

What are the two division in Cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis

62
Q

It’s a period in which chromosomes are NOT visible with light microscope

A

Interphase

63
Q

it is where living cells are NOT dividing

A

Interphase

64
Q

What are the three intervals in interphase?

A

Growth/ gap one (G 1 )
Synthesis (S)
Growth/ Gap two (G2)

65
Q

It is the lengthy period after the nucleus divides

A

Growth /Gap one

66
Q

It’s an interval process where RNA and ribosomes are produced, and cell increases in size

A

Growth/Gap one

67
Q

It’s an interval process where DNA replication takes place

A

Synthesis

68
Q

It is when mitochondria and other organelles divide

A

Growth/Gap two

69
Q

It is an interval process where microtubules are produced

A

Growth /Gap two

70
Q

It’s an interval process where coiling and condensation of Chromosomes begin

A

Growth/ Gap two

71
Q

It is a process where one cell divides into two and produce two more daughter cell

A

Mitosis

72
Q

Mitosis can be found in

A

Meristem

73
Q

What is the Mitosis division process?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

74
Q

the daughter cells have the exact number of chromosome as the?

A

parent cell

75
Q

It normally comes with mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

76
Q

It is the division of the cytoplasm to form too new cell overlaps with the final stages of mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

77
Q

It forms down the middle of the cell, splitting it in two daughter cells

A

Cell plate

78
Q

What division process is ; Interphase - prophase I - Metaphase I - Anaphase I - Telophase I + Cytokinesis - Interkinesis - Prophase II - Mataphase II - Anaphase II - Telophase II + Cytokinesis

A

Meiosis

79
Q

It was composed of circular, flattened vesicles of cisternae aligned in stacks

A

Golgi bodies

80
Q

known as “packaging of proteins,” with a function to transport substances to and from the cell.

A

Golgi bodies

81
Q

He was the one who discovered Golgi bodies that be haved it after himself

A

Camilo Golgi

82
Q

It is selectively permeable, which regulates the entrance and exit of substances in a cell

A

Cell membrane

83
Q

It protect the cell from its surroundings,

A

Cell membrane

84
Q

It has tiny holes all over the cell wall which allows the nutrients to enter the cell and allows the waste to exit the cell

A

PLASMODESMA

85
Q

It is a tiny strands of cytoplasm thread that connects and extends between cell openings

A

Plasmodesma

86
Q

It is know as the “Chemical communication”

A

Plasmodesma

87
Q

It stores DNA and acts as a cell’s command center

A

Nucleus

88
Q

known as the “control center of the cell”

A

Nucleus

89
Q

It surrounds the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

90
Q

It is a semi-permeable membrane that regulates the passage of substance into and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

91
Q

It is the fluid portion of the nucleus

A

Nuclear sap/ Nucleoplasm

92
Q

It is the fluid portion of the nucleus

A

Nuclear sap/ Nucleoplasm

93
Q

It is darkly staining material suspended within the nucleoplasm

A

Chromatin

94
Q

It is the portion of the chromosome visible only when the cell is dividing

A

Chromatin

95
Q

It contains the “genes” that determines the hereditary Characteristics of the cell

A

Chromosomes

96
Q

It controls the activity of the cell

A

Chromosomes

97
Q

In chromosomes, what is being condensed?

A

Chromatin strands

98
Q

Its primary function is to assemble ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

99
Q

It is the largest structure in the cell nucleus.

A

Nucleolus

100
Q

It organizes regions of Chromosomes which harbor the genes for pre-rRNA

A

Nucleolus

101
Q

It organizes regions of Chromosomes which harbor the genes for pre-rRNA

A

Nucleolus

102
Q

It is filled with aqueous solutions containing various dissolved substances

A

Vacuole

103
Q

It is bound by VACUOLAR MEMBRANES (tonoplast) similar function with plasma membrane

A

Vacuole

104
Q

It is useful for maintaining cell structure and water balance

A

vacuole

105
Q

It is used for the storage of waste and food

A

Vacuole

106
Q

It is the fluid portion of the vacuole

A

Cell sap

107
Q

It is slightly acidic, and the vacuole also contains sugar, organic acids, and soluble proteins

A

Cell sap

108
Q

It is the circulation of fluid substance (cytoplasm) and organelles within the cell

A

Cytoplasmic streaming

109
Q

this process aids in transport products of the cell (ion, protein, nutrients, metabolite) to all areas

A

Cytoplasmic Streaming

110
Q

In Cytoplasmic streaming, What are the products of the cell?

A

ion
protein
nutrients
metabolite

111
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming is also called as

A

Protoplasmic streaming

112
Q

What is the two parts of Rhoeo discolor

A

Stomata
Guard cells

113
Q

These are dotted tiny openings or pore that is used for gas exchange

A

stomata

114
Q

What is mostly found on the surface of plant leaves that allows entry of CO2 and the diffusion of O2

A

Stomata

115
Q

It controls water loss when it inflate or deflate, by opening or closing of pores

A

Guard cells

116
Q

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

A

Meiosis

117
Q

His a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells

A

Mitosis

118
Q

It ensures that the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

A

Meiosis

119
Q

It is responsible for genetic diversity

A

meiosis

120
Q

It is the nuclear envelope disintegrates

A

prophase I

121
Q

this is the stage where Chromosomes begin to condense

A

Prophase I

122
Q

this is the stage where spindle fibres appear

A

Prophase I

123
Q

It separates the pair of homologous chromosomes and reduces the diploid cell to haploid

A

Meiosis I

124
Q

It is known as the “reductional division” because in this process the number of Chromosomes is reduced to half

A

Meiosis I

125
Q

The bivalents align at the equatorial plate and microtubules from the opposite poles attach to the pairs of homologous chromosomes

A

Metaphase I

126
Q

It is the stage where the two chromosomes of each bivalent separate and move to the opposites ends of the cells

A

Anaphase I

127
Q

It is a stage where the sister Chromatids are attached to each other.

A

Anaphase I

128
Q

This is the stage when the nuclear membrane reappears ald is followed by Cytokinesis

A

Telophase I

129
Q

It is the stage where the cytoplasm and the cell division result in 2non-identical haploid daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis I

130
Q

It is the stage that immediately sets off after the cytokinesis when the daughter cells are formed

A

Prophase II

BOTANY IN TAXONOMY (3 decks)

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