Module 3

Question 1

the desire to understand the distribution of illness (morbidity) and death (mortality) and the determinants of illness and death within a population

Answer 1

core of epidemiology

Question 2

epidemiologic tool to facilitate the ID and monitoring of health and health alterations in a population

Answer 2

population surveillance

Question 3

What type of surveillance is the most accurate?

Answer 3

active surveillance

Question 4

what are the 4 types of surveillance?

Answer 4

active, passive, hybrid, and sentinel

Question 5

consists of clinical S&S, lab or confirmatory data, and contact or exposure information along with a period in time

Answer 5

case definition

Question 6

what are the 3 types of case definition?

Answer 6

probable (presenting S&S), suspected (known exposure), and confirmed (lab diagnosis)

Question 7

body of knowledge and methods that guide the investigation of an outbreak of a health condition or disease

Answer 7

outbreak science

Question 8

preparation, outbreak establishment, and surveillance formulate or confirm a case definition, verify the diagnosis, characterize an outbreak, develop a hypothesis and evaluation, control and prevention, communicate findings

Answer 8

outbreak investigation

Question 9

what are the 4 types of outbreak patterns?

Answer 9

common source, continuous common source, intermittent common source, propagated outbreak

Question 10

endemic

Answer 10

naturally occurring in the environment

Question 11

hyperendemic

Answer 11

higher than naturally occurring baseline

Question 12

epidemic

Answer 12

outbreaks in a certain region

Question 13

pandemic

Answer 13

global outbreaks

Question 14

describes an event, used to make comparisons between subgroups of the population and the total population

Answer 14

rate (example: 1 in 4)

Question 15

comparison of one number with another

Answer 15

ratio

Question 16

Comparison of a part to a whole. the numerator is included in the denominator

Answer 16

proportion

Question 17

incidence rates=

Answer 17

NEW cases

Question 18

prevalance =

Answer 18

NEW and EXISTING cases combined

Question 19

morbidty =

Answer 19

ILLNESS

Question 20

mortality =

Answer 20

death

Question 21

what is point prevalance

Answer 21

currently have a disease

Question 22

what is period prevalance

Answer 22

Disease over a period of time (for example, in the last 5 years)

Question 23

what is cumulative incidence

Answer 23

ever had a disease

Question 24

Case fatality is always answered as a _______

Answer 24

%

Question 25

years of potential life lost

Answer 25

measure of premature death

Question 26

death certificate

Answer 26

coded to ICD-10; lists the disease or injury which initiated the morbid events leading to death

Question 27

what is the most important predictor of mortality?

Answer 27

AGE

Question 28

SMR

Answer 28

the ratio of total number of deaths actually observed to the total number of deaths expected

Question 29

equation for SMR

Answer 29

observed # of deaths per year / expected # of deaths per year

Question 30

SMR =100

Answer 30

expected deaths equal the observed amount of deaths

Question 31

SMR < 100

Answer 31

observed number of deaths is less than expected

Question 32

SMR >100

Answer 32

observed number of deaths is more than the expected :(

Question 33

Cohort effect

Answer 33

VARIATIONS OVER TIME, in one or more characteristics, among groups of individuals defined by some shared experience such as year or decade of birth

Question 34

dieases that may not be lethal, but may be associated with considerable physical and emotional suffering resulting from disability associated with the illness

Answer 34

quality of life

Question 35

the incidence formula

Answer 35

number of new cases in a population / # of persons at risk for developing the disease x10N = # per #

Question 36

prevalence formula

Answer 36

number of existing cases (new and old) present / # of persons in the population at the period of time x10N = # per #

Question 37

baseline prevalence =

Answer 37

endemic

Question 38

if you add more incidence to current baseline prevalence, you have

Answer 38

increased prevalence

Question 39

if you have no new incidence, and people are recovering or dying, youll have _____ prevalence

Answer 39

decreased

Question 40

what is the most important morbidity data source?

Answer 40

disease registeries

Question 41

other morbidity sources:

Answer 41

health care facility, occupational and educational data (absenteeism), contact tracing, military records, insurance data

Question 42

mortality formula

Answer 42

total # of deaths from ALL causes in 1 year(crude) / # of persons in population x100,000=

Question 43

case fatality formula

Answer 43

number of people dying after disease onset or diagnosis / # of people with the disease x 100= %

Question 44

disease occurence exploration

Answer 44

who, when, where

Question 45

a standard population is used to eliminate the effects of any differences in age between two or more populations being compared

Answer 45

direct age adjustment

Question 46

used when numbers of deaths for each age specific stratum are not available

Answer 46

indirect age adjustment

Question 47

what does SMR stand for

Answer 47

standardized mortality ratio

Question 48

SMR

Answer 48

used to study mortality in an occupationally exposed population