Module 3

Question 1

Organic material that is naturally grown, and the variability within a species due to genetic and environmental influences is substantial

Answer 1

Wood (as construction material)

Question 2

The general name for wood materials

Answer 2

Timber

Question 3

Conversion and processing of wood

Answer 3

Plainsawn, Riftsawn, and Quartersawn

Question 4

Typical applications of wood

Answer 4

Framing, Formworks, Interior Design, Bridge, Walkways, Furniture

Question 5

Three types of Timber

Answer 5

Hardwood, Softwood, and Manufacturing Board

Question 6

Produced from broad-leaf trees that lose leaves (deciduous trees) in winter (example: Oak)

Answer 6

Hardwood

Question 7

Produced from trees that do not lose their leaves (coniferous trees)

Answer 7

Softwood

Question 8

Manmade boards; made by gluing wood layers or fibers together (for example: plywood, MDF)

Answer 8

Manufactured Board

Question 9

A property of wood that has physical properties according to their major orthogonal planes or “cardinal directions in wood”

Answer 9

Anisotropic Material

Question 10

Along the length of the log, parallel to the grain

Answer 10

Longitudinal

Question 11

With respect to the center of the log, vertical vertical-grained board

Answer 11

Radial

Question 12

With respect to the growth rings

Answer 12

Tangential

Question 13

It has an affinity for water molecules, causing swelling and shrinking as the material reaches equilibrium with its environment

Answer 13

Hygroscopic Material

Question 14

Exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation

Answer 14

Viscoelasticity

Question 15

The weight of water as a percentage of the weight of an oven-dry sample of wood (30%-200%)

Answer 15

Moisture Content

Question 16

The weight at which the cell cavities are empty but the cell walls are fuller (approx. 28% moisture content)

Answer 16

Fiber Saturation Point

Question 17

Dependent on a range of characteristics, the importance of which depends on how the piece is intended to be used

Answer 17

Performance Properties

Question 18

Characteristics of wood

Answer 18

Strength, Stiffness, Hardness, FInish Retention, Treatability with Preservatives, and Resistance (Shrinkage/Swelling, Checking, Decay, Color Changes, Warping, Weathering, Photodegradation, and Insect Attack)

Question 19

Wood Density Formula

Answer 19

Oven dry mass of wood / Volume of wood

Question 20

Specific Gravity Formula

Answer 20

Density of material / Density of water

Question 21

Refers to the loss of the ability of a wood product to serve its intended purpose in appearance, strength, or other functions

Answer 21

Deterioration

Question 22

Any irregularity or deviation from the qualities that make wood suitable for a particular purpose

Answer 22

Defect (applied to wood)

Question 23

Causes surface erosion or photodegradation, a photochemical process that disintegrates the wood cell wall

Answer 23

Exposure to Light

Question 24

Cyclical pressure to weathering elements leading to degradation

Answer 24

Exposure to moisture and heat cycles

Question 25

Cause changes in shape, called “warp,” due to different rates of shrinkage in different directions

Answer 25

Changes in moisture content

Question 26

Types of warping

Answer 26

Bow, Crook, Cup, and Twist

Question 27

Attacks wood products for food and/or habitation

Answer 27

Insects

Question 28

Fungi live by digesting food manufactured by other plants

Answer 28

Decay

Question 29

Fungi produce dark-gray-to-black colorations, affecting the appearance of wood products and structural characteristics

Answer 29

Molds and Mildews

Question 30

Principal Effects

Answer 30

Surface Erosion
Checking, splitting, and warping
Shrinkage and swelling
Disintegration and decay

Question 31

Protective coatings

Answer 31

Paint, Stains, and Water Repellants