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BIO-PSYCH > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the dorsal/superior section located in terms of the brain?

A

At the top - dorsal means towards the back (like a physical back), superior means “above”

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2
Q

Where is the caudal/posterior section located in terms of the brain?

A

Towards the rear end/back of the head.

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3
Q

Where is the ventral/inferior section located in terms of the brain?

A

Towards the stomach/bottom of the head (inferior, akak below another part)

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4
Q

Where is the rostral/anterior section located in terms of the brain?

A

At the front of the face.

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5
Q

What does the CNS contain?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain?

4 things.

A

somatic NS - controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory info to CNS
autonomic - controls involuntary movement
sympathetic - expends energy
parasympathetic - conserves energy

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7
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A protuberance on the surface of the brain.

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8
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A fold or groove that separates gyri (singular, gyrus)

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9
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A long, deep sulcus.

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10
Q

What is a lamina?

A

A row or layer of cell bodies separated from other cell bodies by a layer of axons and dendrites.

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11
Q

What is a column?

A

A set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex, with similar properties

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12
Q

What are meninges?

A

Membranes that surround brain and spinal cord.

They contain pain receptors.

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13
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Carries cerebral spinal fluid within the brain.

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14
Q

What is white matter?

A

Nerve fibers; fatty myelin sheaths are white.

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15
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies.

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16
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

200 million nerve fibres that cross between hemispheres.

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17
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

On the same side.

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18
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

On the opposite side.

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19
Q

What does coronal/frontal plane mean?

A

As seen from the front.

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20
Q

What does sagittal plane mean?

A

As seen from the side.

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21
Q

What does horozontal/transverse mean?

A

As seen from above.

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22
Q

What are nuclei?

A

A group of cell bodies that form within the CNS.

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23
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

a group of cell bodies that form outside the CNS.

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24
Q

What is a tract?

A

A bundle of axons that form within the CNS.

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25
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons that form outside of the CNS.

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26
Q

What does the forebrain contain?

A

Cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, limbic system

27
Q

What does the division of the brainstem contain?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, cereabellum, pons, medulla

see also - mesencephalon, metencephalon, mylencephalon

28
Q

What does the division of the spinal cord contain?

A

Cervical nerves, thoracic nerves, sacral nerves

29
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Maintains temperature, hunger and thirst

30
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensory perception and integration (the senses).

31
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Visual perception (colour, form, motion, etc)

32
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Muscle control, balance and movement

33
Q

What is the brainstem responsible for?

A

Regulates breathing, balance, heart rate, as well as sleep cycles and consciousness.

34
Q

What is a pre-central gyrus?

A

Primary motor cortex.

35
Q

What is a post-central gyrus?

A

Primary somasensory cortex.

36
Q

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

A

Spacial processing, navigation, long term memory formation.

37
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Long term memory, visual stimuli, speech, language recognition, automatic reactions (hunger, thirst, etc)

38
Q

What is the pituary gland responsible for?

A

Controls the release of most horomones.

39
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Higher functions such as planning, reasoning, etc.

40
Q

What does the basal nuclei/basal ganglia do?

A

Plays a role in voluntary movement

if BG is affected, it can result in parkinson’s, huntington’s chorea, or tourette’s.

41
Q

What is the limbic system consist of?

Six F’s - feeding, family, fighting, fleeing, feelings, and sexual repro

A

Septal area, hypothalamus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, mamilliary bodies, hippocampus, amygdala

42
Q

What is a dermatone?

A

An area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal cord dorsal rod

43
Q

What does the olfactory nerve (sensory) pertain to?

A

Sense of smell.

44
Q

What does the optic nerve (sensory) pertain to?

A

The sense of sight.

45
Q

What does the occulomotor nerve (motor) pertain to?

A

Eye coordination.

46
Q

What does the troclear nerve (motor) pertain to?

A

The horizontal (up, down) movement of the eye.

47
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?

A

Pain, tempurature, bite force

48
Q

What does the abducens (motor) nerve pertain to?

A

Vertical coordination (left, right) of the eye.

49
Q

What does the facial nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?

A

Plays a role in taste, facial movement

50
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory) pertain to?

A

hearing, facial awareness

51
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory & motor) pertain to?

A

taste, throat movement/sensations

52
Q

What does the spinal accessory (motor) nerve pertain to?

A

Neck movements.

53
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve (motor) pertain to?

A

Tongue movements.

54
Q

What is a lesion?

A

Controlled damage in lab animals.

55
Q

What is an abaltion?

A

Removal of a brain area.

56
Q

What is transeranial magnetic stimulation?

A

Intense magnetic stimulation which temporarily deactivates a brain area

57
Q

What does optogenetic stimulation do?

A

Indicates function of a particular cell.

58
Q

What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A

Medical scan that records from scalp; measures changes by miliseconds, but low resolution of the location of the signal.

59
Q

What is a magnetoencephalography (MEG)?

A

Similar to an EEG (measures brain changes by milliseconds), but measures magnetic fields.

60
Q

What is a positron emsson tomography (PET)?

A

Measures changes over time/location, but requires brain to be exposed to radiation.

61
Q

What is a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (fMRI?)

A

A scan that measures changes over 1 second, and identifies location within 1-2 mm.

62
Q

What is a computerized axial tomography (CAT)?

A

A scan that maps brains using x-rays.

63
Q
A

BIO-PSYCH (3 decks)

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