Module 3 Flashcards by Corey Thatcher

Outflow of SNS are duplicated by ?

The visceral afferent nerves which
carry impulses denoting visceral function/dysfunction

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What are the characteristics of the pre and post- ganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic response?

Synapse of preganglionic fibers tend to occur near the organ

Postganglionic fibers are very short

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Cranial outflow is provided through what Cranial nerves?

CN 3 (III) ,7(VII),9 (IX),10(X)

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What is CN III? and what is it responsible for?

CN 3: Occulomotor → constrictors of pupil

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What is CN VII? and what is it responsible for?

Facial

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What are the branches of CN VII?

Facial

Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch

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How is the Cranial outflow managed by CN VII

CN 7: Facial →
Sinuses (secretion)
Submandibular and sublingual glands (secretion)
Nose & palate (secretion)
Eustachian tube (stapedius muscle)

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How is CN IX related to Cranial Outflow?

Glossopharyngeal

Parotid glands (secretion), carotid sinus (mechanoreceptor: pressure) & body
(chemoreceptor: monitors O2 and blood pH levels: H+ & CO2

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How is CN X related to Cranial Outflow

Vagus → Heart, lungs, kidneys, carotid sinus & body (aortic body), GI tract

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Sacral outflow Originates in ? and results in what?

Cell bodies of S2-3-4 and results in

A group of nerves called the pelvic splanchnic nerves

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What are the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Provide the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to supply the hindgut and pelvic viscera.

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Synapses occur in sympathetic ganglia which are either?

Paraspinal or collateral

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In the thoracic area, paraspinal ganglion lay where?

In the fascia directly over each rib head

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Preganglionic fibers may pass through the _____ and are connected to a _____ found in abdomen and then synapse

Lateral chain ganglia

Collateral Sympathetic ganglion

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Paraspinal Chain Ganglia extend from ??

the head to the Coccyx

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What are the characteristics of the thoracic and upper lumbar paraspinal chain ganglia?

Lateral to bodies of T1-T12; resting in fascial layer directly anterior to corresponding rib heads & their fascia

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The Thoracic & Upper Lumbar paraspinal chain ganglia are located

In fascial layer directly anterior to corresponding rib heads & their fascia

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The Cervical Paraspinal Chain Ganglia usually have how many ganglia?

ganglia – superior, middle and inferior

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What is the Stellate ganglion?

A collection of sympathetic nerves found anterior to the neck of the first rib. Inferior often fuses with T1 ganglion = stellate ganglion

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Cervical/Lumbar/Sacral ganglia do NOT have ______ but do have gray for postganglionic fibers to re-enter spinal nerve

White rami
Gray Rami

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Collateral Chain Ganglia are located where?

Anterior to abdominal aorta & between xyphoid area and umbilicus

The Collateral Chain Ganglia do what?

Handle the local environment and bring about visceral changes without reporting to the spinal cord and/or higher centers from T5-L2

Sympathetic nerves travel in usually wrapped around and following the course of ______ to organs and tissues

Mesh-like strands
Arterial blood supply

What are the Collateral Chain Ganglia (4)

Celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

What is the collateral prevertebral ganglia?

Situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons.

Visceral afferent system reporting visceral dysfunction usually uses ?

The same pathway as that `organ’s sympathetic innervation

Dr. Korr → reported?

There is hypersympathetic activity present in almost all diseases and relates this to the activity of a facilitated segment

What does Facilitated mean?

Synapses in that cord level have low thresholds and are easily stimulated to discharge by impulses of sublevel intensity

Visceral dysfunction may result in ____ = ___

Somatic dysfunction = Viscero-somatic

Somatic dysfunction may result in?____ = ______

Visceral dysfunction = Somato-viscera

What Does Palpation Tell Us About SNS

Increased / Decreased Neural Activity Congestion of Tissues Motion Preference of Joints & Soft Tissues The Body’s Reaction to Treatment Given

The Body’s Reaction to Treatment Given may look like? (Successful)

palpable “normalization” or a tissue texture change in neural activity and viability of tissues – normal sympathetic tone – tissues are subtle1

What Allows operators to anticipate, palpate and interpret findings?

Observing mechanical stresses and strains between upper & lower T-lines, quadrants, polygons offers a 3D matrix of the lesion from a palpatory perspective.

Our means of assessment is _____ → following _______→ bridge collective mechanics with ____, _____, _____.

Our means of assessment is dynamic → following the body’s unity and functionality → bridge collective mechanics with anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology

Employing a rational and logical diagnostic process allows us to be??

Efficient and complete operators without a particular “specialty

We with ____ The body?

WITH THE BODY

Dr. Gordon Zink, Theory of Compensation Stated what?

Alternating and non-alternating as relating to the individuals health, vitality, constitution and ability to recover

What are the four transitional areas of Dr. Gordon Zink, Theory of Compensation?

- Occipitoatlantal area - Cervicothoracic area - Thoracolumbar area - Lumbosacral area

We study ____to allow for comparison to _____?

We study ‘normal’ to allow for comparison to ‘abnormal’

What Could also be called the three key areas of interest?

3 primary areas of interest (Primary, secondary, tertiary)

What are the advantages of Supine?

Flexion/extension lesions Nothing peripheral motion restrictions of the limbs in most directions Tension is off the spine (and into the lateral lines of external frame) Mobilizing diaphragms & moving fluid between horizontal transitions Palpating visceral field

What are the advantages of Prone?

Exposes motor line, SI joints, posterior attachments of femoral head Coordinate arches of spine & transition zones

What are the advantages of Lateral Recumbent?

Torsions Testing & synchronizing the upper and lower girdles Address each limb, high side of thorax, ribs Address cervical spine and position of the head Tension off anterior line

What are the advantages of Seated?

Full range of flexion/extension, sidebending/rotation of the spine Access to upper limbs Body loaded under gravity = engaging all proprioceptors Promotes drainage; return homeostatic balance between fluid/gaseous systems of the body

Mental handling and rhythm is a characteristic of treatment, why is rhythm important?

- Establishes continuity where there is discord - Appeal to higher centers, limbic system; integration; application of force (long/short levers

What is the Influence of Mechanics on Rhythm?

Asymmetry in mobility compromises rhythm, each joint has its own rhythm and function, and intruptions to the rhythm can indicate lesion

How is Rhythm connected to a lesion?

Lesion = fixed point within the rhythmic motion of the body & creates a pathological axes that radiates altered lines of force → irritates other areas → becomes holding patterns that layer on top of one another

The only difference between diagnosis and treatment is ?

how far we go into the barrier

What are the principles of Direct treatment ?

MFR, PIR, ligamentousarticulation

What are the principles of indirect treatment ?

MFR, RI, ligamentous articulation

Cervical/Lumbar/Sacral ganglia do NOT have ... But do have?

white rami but do have gray for postganglionic fibers to re-enter spinal nerve and innervate the blood vessels of somatic tissues and structures