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Theory > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Outflow of SNS are duplicated by ?

A

The visceral afferent nerves which
carry impulses denoting visceral function/dysfunction

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the pre and post- ganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic response?

A

Synapse of preganglionic fibers tend to occur near the organ

Postganglionic fibers are very short

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3
Q

Cranial outflow is provided through what Cranial nerves?

A

CN 3 (III) ,7(VII),9 (IX),10(X)

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4
Q

What is CN III? and what is it responsible for?

A

CN 3: Occulomotor → constrictors of pupil

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5
Q

What is CN VII? and what is it responsible for?

A

Facial

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6
Q

What are the branches of CN VII?

A

Facial

Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch

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7
Q

How is the Cranial outflow managed by CN VII

A

CN 7: Facial →
Sinuses (secretion)
Submandibular and sublingual glands (secretion)
Nose & palate (secretion)
Eustachian tube (stapedius muscle)

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8
Q

How is CN IX related to Cranial Outflow?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Parotid glands (secretion), carotid sinus (mechanoreceptor: pressure) & body
(chemoreceptor: monitors O2 and blood pH levels: H+ & CO2

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9
Q

How is CN X related to Cranial Outflow

A

Vagus → Heart, lungs, kidneys, carotid sinus & body (aortic body), GI tract

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10
Q

Sacral outflow Originates in ? and results in what?

A

Cell bodies of S2-3-4 and results in

A group of nerves called the pelvic splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

What are the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Provide the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to supply the hindgut and pelvic viscera.

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12
Q

Synapses occur in sympathetic ganglia which are either?

A

Paraspinal or collateral

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13
Q

In the thoracic area, paraspinal ganglion lay where?

A

In the fascia directly over each rib head

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14
Q

Preganglionic fibers may pass through the _____ and are connected to a _____ found in abdomen and then synapse

A

Lateral chain ganglia

Collateral Sympathetic ganglion

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15
Q

Paraspinal Chain Ganglia extend from ??

A

the head to the Coccyx

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the thoracic and upper lumbar paraspinal chain ganglia?

A

Lateral to bodies of T1-T12; resting in fascial layer directly anterior to corresponding rib heads & their fascia

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17
Q

The Thoracic & Upper Lumbar paraspinal chain ganglia are located

A

In fascial layer directly anterior to corresponding rib heads & their fascia

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18
Q

The Cervical Paraspinal Chain Ganglia usually have how many ganglia?

A

ganglia – superior, middle and inferior

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19
Q

What is the Stellate ganglion?

A

A collection of sympathetic nerves found anterior to the neck of the first rib. Inferior often fuses with T1 ganglion = stellate ganglion

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20
Q

Cervical/Lumbar/Sacral ganglia do NOT have ______ but do have gray for postganglionic fibers to re-enter spinal nerve

A

White rami
Gray Rami

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21
Q

Collateral Chain Ganglia are located where?

A

Anterior to abdominal aorta & between xyphoid area and umbilicus

22
Q

The Collateral Chain Ganglia do what?

A

Handle the local environment and bring about visceral changes without reporting to the spinal cord and/or higher centers from T5-L2

23
Q

Sympathetic nerves travel in usually wrapped around and following the course of ______ to organs and tissues

A

Mesh-like strands
Arterial blood supply

24
Q

What are the Collateral Chain Ganglia (4)

A

Celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

25
Q

What is the collateral prevertebral ganglia?

A

Situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons.

26
Q

Visceral afferent system reporting visceral dysfunction usually uses ?

A

The same pathway as that `organ’s sympathetic innervation

27
Q

Dr. Korr → reported?

A

There is hypersympathetic activity present in almost all diseases and relates this to the activity of a facilitated segment

28
Q

What does Facilitated mean?

A

Synapses in that cord level have low thresholds and are easily stimulated to discharge by impulses of sublevel intensity

29
Q

Visceral dysfunction may result in ____ = ___

A

Somatic dysfunction = Viscero-somatic

30
Q

Somatic dysfunction may result in?____ = ______

A

Visceral dysfunction = Somato-viscera

31
Q

What Does Palpation Tell Us About SNS

A

Increased / Decreased Neural Activity

Congestion of Tissues

Motion Preference of Joints & Soft Tissues

The Body’s Reaction to Treatment Given

32
Q

The Body’s Reaction to Treatment Given may look like? (Successful)

A

palpable “normalization” or a tissue texture change in neural activity and viability of tissues – normal sympathetic tone – tissues are subtle1

33
Q

What Allows operators to anticipate, palpate and interpret findings?

A

Observing mechanical stresses and strains between upper & lower T-lines, quadrants, polygons offers a 3D matrix of the lesion from a palpatory perspective.

34
Q

Our means of assessment is _____ → following _______→ bridge collective mechanics with ____, _____, _____.

A

Our means of assessment is dynamic → following the body’s unity and functionality → bridge collective mechanics with anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology

35
Q

Employing a rational and logical diagnostic process allows us to be??

A

Efficient and complete operators without a particular “specialty

36
Q

We with ____ The body?

A

WITH THE BODY

37
Q

Dr. Gordon Zink, Theory of Compensation Stated what?

A

Alternating and non-alternating as
relating to the individuals health,
vitality, constitution and ability to
recover

38
Q

What are the four transitional areas of Dr. Gordon Zink, Theory of Compensation?

A
  • Occipitoatlantal area
  • Cervicothoracic area
  • Thoracolumbar area
  • Lumbosacral area
39
Q

We study ____to allow for comparison to
_____?

A

We study ‘normal’ to allow for comparison to ‘abnormal’

40
Q

What Could also be called the three key areas of interest?

A

3 primary areas of interest (Primary, secondary, tertiary)

41
Q

What are the advantages of Supine?

A

Flexion/extension lesions

Nothing peripheral motion restrictions of the limbs in most directions

Tension is off the spine (and into the lateral lines of external frame)

Mobilizing diaphragms & moving fluid between horizontal transitions

Palpating visceral field

42
Q

What are the advantages of Prone?

A

Exposes motor line, SI joints, posterior attachments of femoral head

Coordinate arches of spine & transition zones

43
Q

What are the advantages of Lateral Recumbent?

A

Torsions

Testing & synchronizing the upper and lower girdles

Address each limb, high side of thorax, ribs

Address cervical spine and position of the head

Tension off anterior line

44
Q

What are the advantages of Seated?

A

Full range of flexion/extension, sidebending/rotation of the spine

Access to upper limbs

Body loaded under gravity = engaging all proprioceptors

Promotes drainage; return homeostatic balance between fluid/gaseous systems of the body

45
Q

Mental handling and rhythm is a characteristic of treatment, why is rhythm important?

A
  • Establishes continuity where there is discord
  • Appeal to higher centers, limbic
    system; integration; application of force (long/short levers
46
Q

What is the Influence of Mechanics on Rhythm?

A

Asymmetry in mobility compromises rhythm, each joint has its own rhythm and function, and intruptions to the rhythm can indicate lesion

47
Q

How is Rhythm connected to a lesion?

A

Lesion = fixed point within the rhythmic motion of the body & creates a pathological axes that radiates altered lines of force → irritates other areas → becomes holding patterns that layer on top of one another

48
Q

The only difference between diagnosis and treatment is ?

A

how far we go into the barrier

49
Q

What are the principles of Direct treatment ?

A

MFR, PIR, ligamentousarticulation

50
Q

What are the principles of indirect treatment ?

A

MFR, RI, ligamentous articulation

51
Q

Cervical/Lumbar/Sacral ganglia do NOT have … But do have?

A

white rami but do have gray for postganglionic fibers to re-enter spinal nerve and innervate the blood vessels of somatic tissues and structures

52
Q
A

Theory (4 decks)

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