module 3 Flashcards by Charlotte Parker

what is the co-enzyme for key enzymatic reactions in glycolysis

NAD+

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where is glycolysis stored

cytosol

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what fuel sources does glycolysis produced

CHO
- glycogen or glucose

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what is the pH of extracellular fluid

close to 7.4 (neutral)

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P in ATP stands for what

phosphate

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acid base balance in the body is altered by

diet, exercise, hyperventilation

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Blood glucose can come from

liver

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Total work (in the wingate test) is measured in

Joules

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During rest periods oxygen consumption would be higher, lower, or the same as participants resting oxygen consumption

higher

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relative power output in the wingate test will be measured in

W/kg

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lactate is produced during exercise because

more H+ come from glucose metabolism that can be utilised oxidatively

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as exercise duration (from serveral minutes to hours) increases the metabolism of which substrates is used the most

fat

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__ provids the ATPfor most muscle contraction on a daily basis

FAt

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in exercise lasting more than several mins, as intensity increases so does the reliance on

carbohydrate metabolism

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which two measures of exercise intensity would be valid for a sprinter doing 50m

power out put
speed

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what are the two types of chemical reactions

exoergonic
endogenic

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exogenic releases or needs energy

releases

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endogenic releases or needs energy

needs

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what is exercise intensity closely related to

rate of energy transfer

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what factors effect energy transfer

1 mass
2. enzyme
3. temperature
4. pH
5. co-enzyme

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what aerobic system uses the most ATP production

lipolytic (fats)

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how much energy does an adult need for daily energy needs

1500Kcal-3500kcal

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why do women have lower EE than men

Higher FFM

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what dieatary aspects do you need to increase to increase oxidation

protein and CHO

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what are three factors that effect energy balance

FAt mass leptin grehlin

what is leptin

appertite depresent

what is grehlin

appertite stimulant

what are functions of grehlin

brain function, learning, stimulant of GH

what role does EPOC have on intensity and duration

intensity - sprinters will have higher EPOC duration - longer exercises there will be more EPOC

what types of food after exercise help you compersate for energy balance

fatty foods

what is the biggest contributor to total energy expenditure

RMR

do females and older people have higher or lower RMR

lower

what macromolecules are used at rest

fat and CHO

why is ther Lag in the use of subrates when going from rest to exercise

O2 deficit 1. O2 going to mitochondria 2. enzyme 3. inertia of system

where is the phosphagen system stored

cytosol

where does creatine come from

liver and kidney

where does most glucose come from whilst exercising

liver

how can glycogen limits perfomance

1. intensity 2. duration 3. pervious exercise 4. recovery time 5. diet

if RER is greater than 1.00 what does this mean (what system)

increase in anaerobic glycloysis

how do you calaculate mets

activity mets/ Resting met rate

economy is define as

energy expended to maintain constant speed per distance travelled

what is efficently

metabolic cost of work: work conducted/energy utilised*100 (gross efficiency)

how musch of energy is lost just to make ATP oxidatively

2/3

most accurate way to measure energy use

doublly labeled water

using what with what is the gold standard for measuring energy usage and fat and CHO usage

RER with VO2

where does the ATP-Cp system come from in the body

phospagen in muscle

where does the anaerobic glycolytic come from

glycogen 1st comes from the muscle and 2nd in the liver

where does the aerobic come from

glycolytic - glucose comes from the blood stream and muscle, glycogen 1st comes for the muscle and then 2nd from the liver

what is the average 24hr EE in Kcal and MJ

1500kcal -3500kcal 6.3Mj - 14.6Mj

what does MET stand for

metabolic equivalent of task

what does MET mean

amount of energy used while rest

how do you calculate MET

activity met rate/ resting met rate

in terms of oxygen consumption average what does 1 MET convert __ ml/kg/min

3.5

how does EPOC relate to losing weight

mix high intensity with low intensity exercise

where does pyruvate convert to lactate in

cytoplasm

pryruvate converts to aceytol coa where

mitochondria

out of muscle and fat what uses more energy to maintain itself

muscle

what organ of the body uses a lot of oxygen consumption

liver

if 1 slice of pizza uses 145kcal of energy and jogging uses 21KJ/min how long will you need to jog for to compensate X 4.184

29mins

to balance oxidation what two fuels doe you increase (which more)

protein (more) CHO

what is leptin produced by (L)

adipose tissue

what is grehlin produced by (G)

stomach, pancreas

who will use more energy expenditure for aerobic capacity - athletes or untrained

athletes

what is the biggest contributor to thermal energy expenditure

RMR

HR range is a very good indicator for what

exertion

HR max is a alright indicator for what

realtive exertion

how do you calculate HR Range

(HR- HR rest) / (HR max - HR rest) *100

what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for CHO metabolism

1.00

what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for fat metabolism

0.70

what is the difference between RQ and RER

RQ (respiratory quotient) is cellular e.g. the deep of inside a muscle RER (respiratory exchange ratio) is whole body gas level

at exercise muscle blood flow accounts for how much of the total cardiac output

80%

what components of exercise does EPOC effect

intensity

name four causes of EPOC

1. Thermoregulation* 2. ATP synthesis 3. protein synstheis 4. removal of waste products

is AMS partially genetic

yes sir

how do you prevent AMS

1. when at 2500m rest for a day and then continue increase climb @ 600m per/day = gradually ascending 2. having a diet high in CHO 3. drugs 4. well hydrated

what does AMS stand for

acute mountain sickness

what are some symptoms of AMS

insommina, weakness, headache

what does HAPE stand for

High altitude pulonmary oedema

what does HACE

high altidude cerebral oedema

if trained will you have more fat or CHO metabolism

fat

if untrained will you have more fat or CHO metabolsim

CHO

what will happen to LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) if intensity increases

will also increase

out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 3hrs of exercise

plasma free fatty acids

out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 1 hour

muscle glycogen