module 3 Flashcards
what is the co-enzyme for key enzymatic reactions in glycolysis
NAD+
where is glycolysis stored
cytosol
what fuel sources does glycolysis produced
CHO
- glycogen or glucose
what is the pH of extracellular fluid
close to 7.4 (neutral)
P in ATP stands for what
phosphate
acid base balance in the body is altered by
diet, exercise, hyperventilation
Blood glucose can come from
liver
Total work (in the wingate test) is measured in
Joules
During rest periods oxygen consumption would be higher, lower, or the same as participants resting oxygen consumption
higher
relative power output in the wingate test will be measured in
W/kg
lactate is produced during exercise because
more H+ come from glucose metabolism that can be utilised oxidatively
as exercise duration (from serveral minutes to hours) increases the metabolism of which substrates is used the most
fat
__ provids the ATPfor most muscle contraction on a daily basis
FAt
in exercise lasting more than several mins, as intensity increases so does the reliance on
carbohydrate metabolism
which two measures of exercise intensity would be valid for a sprinter doing 50m
- power out put
- speed
what are the two types of chemical reactions
exoergonic
endogenic
exogenic releases or needs energy
releases
endogenic releases or needs energy
needs
what is exercise intensity closely related to
rate of energy transfer
what factors effect energy transfer
1 mass
2. enzyme
3. temperature
4. pH
5. co-enzyme
what aerobic system uses the most ATP production
lipolytic (fats)
how much energy does an adult need for daily energy needs
1500Kcal-3500kcal
why do women have lower EE than men
Higher FFM
what dieatary aspects do you need to increase to increase oxidation
protein and CHO
what are three factors that effect energy balance
FAt mass
leptin
grehlin
what is leptin
appertite depresent
what is grehlin
appertite stimulant
what are functions of grehlin
brain function, learning, stimulant of GH
what role does EPOC have on intensity and duration
intensity - sprinters will have higher EPOC
duration - longer exercises there will be more EPOC
what types of food after exercise help you compersate for energy balance
fatty foods
what is the biggest contributor to total energy expenditure
RMR
do females and older people have higher or lower RMR
lower
what macromolecules are used at rest
fat and CHO
why is ther Lag in the use of subrates when going from rest to exercise
O2 deficit
1. O2 going to mitochondria
2. enzyme
3. inertia of system
where is the phosphagen system stored
cytosol
where does creatine come from
liver and kidney
where does most glucose come from whilst exercising
liver
how can glycogen limits perfomance
- intensity
- duration
- pervious exercise
- recovery time
- diet
if RER is greater than 1.00 what does this mean (what system)
increase in anaerobic glycloysis
how do you calaculate mets
activity mets/ Resting met rate
economy is define as
energy expended to maintain constant speed per distance travelled
what is efficently
metabolic cost of work: work conducted/energy utilised*100 (gross efficiency)
how musch of energy is lost just to make ATP oxidatively
2/3
most accurate way to measure energy use
doublly labeled water
using what with what is the gold standard for measuring energy usage and fat and CHO usage
RER with VO2
where does the ATP-Cp system come from in the body
phospagen in muscle
where does the anaerobic glycolytic come from
glycogen 1st comes from the muscle and 2nd in the liver
where does the aerobic come from
glycolytic - glucose comes from the blood stream and muscle, glycogen 1st comes for the muscle and then 2nd from the liver
what is the average 24hr EE
in Kcal and MJ
1500kcal -3500kcal
6.3Mj - 14.6Mj
what does MET stand for
metabolic equivalent of task
what does MET mean
amount of energy used while rest
how do you calculate MET
activity met rate/ resting met rate
in terms of oxygen consumption average what does 1 MET convert __ ml/kg/min
3.5
how does EPOC relate to losing weight
mix high intensity with low intensity exercise
where does pyruvate convert to lactate in
cytoplasm
pryruvate converts to aceytol coa where
mitochondria
out of muscle and fat what uses more energy to maintain itself
muscle
what organ of the body uses a lot of oxygen consumption
liver
if 1 slice of pizza uses 145kcal of energy and jogging uses 21KJ/min how long will you need to jog for to compensate
X 4.184
29mins
to balance oxidation what two fuels doe you increase (which more)
protein (more)
CHO
what is leptin produced by (L)
adipose tissue
what is grehlin produced by (G)
stomach, pancreas
who will use more energy expenditure for aerobic capacity - athletes or untrained
athletes
what is the biggest contributor to thermal energy expenditure
RMR
HR range is a very good indicator for what
exertion
HR max is a alright indicator for what
realtive exertion
how do you calculate HR Range
(HR- HR rest) / (HR max - HR rest) *100
what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for CHO metabolism
1.00
what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for fat metabolism
0.70
what is the difference between RQ and RER
RQ (respiratory quotient) is cellular e.g. the deep of inside a muscle
RER (respiratory exchange ratio) is whole body gas level
at exercise muscle blood flow accounts for how much of the total cardiac output
80%
what components of exercise does EPOC effect
intensity
name four causes of EPOC
- Thermoregulation*
- ATP synthesis
- protein synstheis
- removal of waste products
is AMS partially genetic
yes sir
how do you prevent AMS
- when at 2500m rest for a day and then continue increase climb @ 600m per/day = gradually ascending
- having a diet high in CHO
- drugs
- well hydrated
what does AMS stand for
acute mountain sickness
what are some symptoms of AMS
insommina, weakness, headache
what does HAPE stand for
High altitude pulonmary oedema
what does HACE
high altidude cerebral oedema
if trained will you have more fat or CHO metabolism
fat
if untrained will you have more fat or CHO metabolsim
CHO
what will happen to LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) if intensity increases
will also increase
out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 3hrs of exercise
plasma free fatty acids
out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 1 hour
muscle glycogen
