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SPEX203 > module 3 > Flashcards

module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the co-enzyme for key enzymatic reactions in glycolysis

A

NAD+

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2
Q

where is glycolysis stored

A

cytosol

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3
Q

what fuel sources does glycolysis produced

A

CHO
- glycogen or glucose

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4
Q

what is the pH of extracellular fluid

A

close to 7.4 (neutral)

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5
Q

P in ATP stands for what

A

phosphate

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6
Q

acid base balance in the body is altered by

A

diet, exercise, hyperventilation

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7
Q

Blood glucose can come from

A

liver

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8
Q

Total work (in the wingate test) is measured in

A

Joules

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9
Q

During rest periods oxygen consumption would be higher, lower, or the same as participants resting oxygen consumption

A

higher

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10
Q

relative power output in the wingate test will be measured in

A

W/kg

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11
Q

lactate is produced during exercise because

A

more H+ come from glucose metabolism that can be utilised oxidatively

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12
Q

as exercise duration (from serveral minutes to hours) increases the metabolism of which substrates is used the most

A

fat

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13
Q

__ provids the ATPfor most muscle contraction on a daily basis

A

FAt

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14
Q

in exercise lasting more than several mins, as intensity increases so does the reliance on

A

carbohydrate metabolism

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15
Q

which two measures of exercise intensity would be valid for a sprinter doing 50m

A
  1. power out put
  2. speed
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16
Q

what are the two types of chemical reactions

A

exoergonic
endogenic

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17
Q

exogenic releases or needs energy

A

releases

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18
Q

endogenic releases or needs energy

A

needs

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19
Q

what is exercise intensity closely related to

A

rate of energy transfer

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20
Q

what factors effect energy transfer

A

1 mass
2. enzyme
3. temperature
4. pH
5. co-enzyme

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21
Q

what aerobic system uses the most ATP production

A

lipolytic (fats)

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22
Q

how much energy does an adult need for daily energy needs

A

1500Kcal-3500kcal

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23
Q

why do women have lower EE than men

A

Higher FFM

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24
Q

what dieatary aspects do you need to increase to increase oxidation

A

protein and CHO

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25
Q

what are three factors that effect energy balance

A

FAt mass
leptin
grehlin

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26
Q

what is leptin

A

appertite depresent

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27
Q

what is grehlin

A

appertite stimulant

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28
Q

what are functions of grehlin

A

brain function, learning, stimulant of GH

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29
Q

what role does EPOC have on intensity and duration

A

intensity - sprinters will have higher EPOC
duration - longer exercises there will be more EPOC

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30
Q

what types of food after exercise help you compersate for energy balance

A

fatty foods

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31
Q

what is the biggest contributor to total energy expenditure

A

RMR

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32
Q

do females and older people have higher or lower RMR

A

lower

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33
Q

what macromolecules are used at rest

A

fat and CHO

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34
Q

why is ther Lag in the use of subrates when going from rest to exercise

A

O2 deficit
1. O2 going to mitochondria
2. enzyme
3. inertia of system

35
Q

where is the phosphagen system stored

A

cytosol

36
Q

where does creatine come from

A

liver and kidney

37
Q

where does most glucose come from whilst exercising

A

liver

38
Q

how can glycogen limits perfomance

A
  1. intensity
  2. duration
  3. pervious exercise
  4. recovery time
  5. diet
39
Q

if RER is greater than 1.00 what does this mean (what system)

A

increase in anaerobic glycloysis

40
Q

how do you calaculate mets

A

activity mets/ Resting met rate

41
Q

economy is define as

A

energy expended to maintain constant speed per distance travelled

42
Q

what is efficently

A

metabolic cost of work: work conducted/energy utilised*100 (gross efficiency)

43
Q

how musch of energy is lost just to make ATP oxidatively

A

2/3

44
Q

most accurate way to measure energy use

A

doublly labeled water

45
Q

using what with what is the gold standard for measuring energy usage and fat and CHO usage

A

RER with VO2

46
Q

where does the ATP-Cp system come from in the body

A

phospagen in muscle

47
Q

where does the anaerobic glycolytic come from

A

glycogen 1st comes from the muscle and 2nd in the liver

48
Q

where does the aerobic come from

A

glycolytic - glucose comes from the blood stream and muscle, glycogen 1st comes for the muscle and then 2nd from the liver

49
Q

what is the average 24hr EE
in Kcal and MJ

A

1500kcal -3500kcal
6.3Mj - 14.6Mj

50
Q

what does MET stand for

A

metabolic equivalent of task

51
Q

what does MET mean

A

amount of energy used while rest

52
Q

how do you calculate MET

A

activity met rate/ resting met rate

53
Q

in terms of oxygen consumption average what does 1 MET convert __ ml/kg/min

A

3.5

54
Q

how does EPOC relate to losing weight

A

mix high intensity with low intensity exercise

55
Q

where does pyruvate convert to lactate in

A

cytoplasm

56
Q

pryruvate converts to aceytol coa where

A

mitochondria

57
Q

out of muscle and fat what uses more energy to maintain itself

A

muscle

58
Q

what organ of the body uses a lot of oxygen consumption

A

liver

59
Q

if 1 slice of pizza uses 145kcal of energy and jogging uses 21KJ/min how long will you need to jog for to compensate
X 4.184

A

29mins

60
Q

to balance oxidation what two fuels doe you increase (which more)

A

protein (more)
CHO

61
Q

what is leptin produced by (L)

A

adipose tissue

62
Q

what is grehlin produced by (G)

A

stomach, pancreas

63
Q

who will use more energy expenditure for aerobic capacity - athletes or untrained

A

athletes

64
Q

what is the biggest contributor to thermal energy expenditure

A

RMR

65
Q

HR range is a very good indicator for what

A

exertion

66
Q

HR max is a alright indicator for what

A

realtive exertion

67
Q

how do you calculate HR Range

A

(HR- HR rest) / (HR max - HR rest) *100

68
Q

what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for CHO metabolism

A

1.00

69
Q

what is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for fat metabolism

A

0.70

70
Q

what is the difference between RQ and RER

A

RQ (respiratory quotient) is cellular e.g. the deep of inside a muscle
RER (respiratory exchange ratio) is whole body gas level

71
Q

at exercise muscle blood flow accounts for how much of the total cardiac output

A

80%

72
Q

what components of exercise does EPOC effect

A

intensity

73
Q

name four causes of EPOC

A
  1. Thermoregulation*
  2. ATP synthesis
  3. protein synstheis
  4. removal of waste products
74
Q

is AMS partially genetic

A

yes sir

75
Q

how do you prevent AMS

A
  1. when at 2500m rest for a day and then continue increase climb @ 600m per/day = gradually ascending
  2. having a diet high in CHO
  3. drugs
  4. well hydrated
76
Q

what does AMS stand for

A

acute mountain sickness

77
Q

what are some symptoms of AMS

A

insommina, weakness, headache

78
Q

what does HAPE stand for

A

High altitude pulonmary oedema

79
Q

what does HACE

A

high altidude cerebral oedema

80
Q

if trained will you have more fat or CHO metabolism

A

fat

81
Q

if untrained will you have more fat or CHO metabolsim

A

CHO

82
Q

what will happen to LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) if intensity increases

A

will also increase

83
Q

out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 3hrs of exercise

A

plasma free fatty acids

84
Q

out of muscle triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, blood glucose, muscle glycogen which will be the dominate energy source after 1 hour

A

muscle glycogen

SPEX203 (5 decks)

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