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SPEX203 > M2 - cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

M2 - cardiopulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What two stages dictate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood?

A
  1. avelolar ventialtion
  2. avelolar blood transfer
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2
Q

what is hyperpnoea

A

increased ventilation (increased breathing)

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3
Q

how much can oxygen consumption increase for trained vs untrained

A

20 trained
10 trained

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4
Q

what % does energy use at rest for breathing

A

3%

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5
Q

what % does energy use at max exercise

A

12-24%

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6
Q

if air resistance is low what is the key feature ( what pressure)

A

pleural pressure

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7
Q

what are two CVS functions

A
  1. transport
  2. haemostasis (getting rid of clots)
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8
Q

low pressure - reoxygenation, what system

A

pulmonary

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9
Q

high pressure - deoxygenation what system

A

systemic

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10
Q

what is the relationship between VO2 and power output
cardiac output and VO2

A

linear

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11
Q

what is the equation for VO2

A

stroke volume X heart rate X arteriola conc. & venous conc.

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12
Q

what does arteiola concentration and venous concentration mean (a-vO2)

A

difference in oxygen being used in those muscles

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13
Q

what are four this that aerobic power and fitness depend on

A
  1. increase cardiac output
  2. carry arterial oxygen
  3. redistrbute flow to mucles
  4. extract oxygen from blood in those muscels
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14
Q

what does autorhythmicty mean

A

Spontaneously depolarise and repolarise

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15
Q

what does systole do and diastole do

A

systolic - contract
diastole - relax

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16
Q

explain the duty cycle and what system are you more in when exercising

A

contracting vs relactation
- more time spent in systole

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17
Q

what is cardiac out put

A

how much blood you can get around in a minute

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18
Q

for submax exercise what is the % lower for cardaic output in trained athletes

A

5-10% lower

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19
Q

if your a femal will your cardiac output be lower or higher

A

higher by 5-10%

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20
Q

stroke volume response w/ exercise time

A

rapid increase then plateau

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21
Q

if your an athlete will your stroke volume be higher or lower than untrained

A

higher

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22
Q

for arem exercise will there be a increase or less of rise of stroke volume

A

less rise

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23
Q

t/f does ur HR rise more in arm exercise than leg

A

yes

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24
Q

with HR and intensity out of untrained and athlete who have higher HR

A

untrained
- athletes have lower HR at rest and less HR rise with WR

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25
With age what effect does this have with HR
Max HR decreases as you get older
26
Low HR mean what for O2 demand
less - heart doesn't have to work as much
27
Low HR means what for power
high potential
28
how do you lower HR
slowing breathing down to indicate PNS
29
why would it be a good idea to use a electromagnetically braked cycle (velotron)
- wide range of power and fine control - constant power output - reliability between sessions
30
why is using a treadmill not a good idea
unable to be certain w/ energy expenditure if someones running efficiency isn't measured
31
what is wrong with the erg
- need to know barometric (atmospheric) pressure - difficult to calibrate
32
ventilation exercising at given submax power is more or less in trained compared to untrained
less
33
is ventilation greater in trained or untrained for max power output
greater in trained
34
if you decrease carbon dioxide in hyperventilation does this make the blood more alkaline or acid
alkaline
35
tidal volume is _L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise
0.5L 3L
36
ventilation is _ L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise
6 L 150L
37
for alveolar ventilation at the same ventilation would it be better to have larger or smaller tidal volume
larger tidal
38
Hb oxygen de saturated typically occurs and limits performance T/F
false
39
The bohr effect is a _____ shift of HB O2 saturation curve to the which makes it _____for HB to offload O2 to tissues
right, easier
40
The bohr effect can be brough about by
increase in CO2 and acidic
41
Main difference between men and women which makes cardio respiratory work hard at higher intensities in women is
women have less Haemoglobin
42
Most of the carbon dioxide from aerobic metabolism is carried in venous blood as
Bicarbonate
43
when going from resting to a given submaximal intensity of exercise, HR will typically rise more
if the exercise is performed w/ arms rather than legs
44
what proportion of the oxygen bound to Haemoglobin within arterial blood will typically be offloaded (dissociated) to diffuse into tissue of the systemic circulation when resting
25%
45
stroke volume is determined to the leeast extent by
breathing frequency
46
the least important determinant of your ability to use oxygen faster (and therefore your exercise capacity) is your
metabolic rate??
47
what is the equation for ventilation
Breathing frequency*tidal volume
48
what is the equation for tidal volume
alveolar volume + dead space
49
how do you increase alveolar ventilation
increase DEPTH of breathing
50
at given relative exercise load what happens to ventilation, and pH
less increase in ventilation less acidity
51
what are some reasons of athletes having less ventilation and less acidity
less type 2 fibres increase in H+ buffering
52
what points of the cardiovasular transport chain occur by diffusion,
alveolar -blood transfer
53
what points of the cardiovascular transport chain occur by mass flow
alveolar -ventialtion
54
___ is very soluble so pressure gradient will allow equilivant exchange rate
CO2
55
at lungs what is higher CO2 or O2 pressure
PO2
56
at muscle which is higher
PCO2
57
PAO2 is lower than in atmospheric - why
water has evaporated CO2 diffuses onto it
58
what response does rest , initial exercise and steady state
rest - negative feedback exercise - feedforward steady state - both
59
short term control during rest involves what pressure
arterial pressure
60
long term control during rest involves what pressure
venous pressure
61
after exercise does blood pressure drop below the pre - exercise value
yes
62
which is more sensitive CO2 or O2 at rest
CO2
63
what number is hypoxic threshold around
65-70 mmHg
64
at given realtive loads athletes have
less increase in ventilation less acidity - therefore a decrease in pH (number small for acidic
65
why would athletes have less ventilation increase and less acidity in a given relative load
because of a decrease in type 2 fibres increase in H+ buffering
66
why would satuation O2 shift to right
increase in temp decreases in pH increase in CO2

SPEX203 (5 decks)

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