M2 - cardiopulmonary Flashcards
What two stages dictate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood?
- avelolar ventialtion
- avelolar blood transfer
what is hyperpnoea
increased ventilation (increased breathing)
how much can oxygen consumption increase for trained vs untrained
20 trained
10 trained
what % does energy use at rest for breathing
3%
what % does energy use at max exercise
12-24%
if air resistance is low what is the key feature ( what pressure)
pleural pressure
what are two CVS functions
- transport
- haemostasis (getting rid of clots)
low pressure - reoxygenation, what system
pulmonary
high pressure - deoxygenation what system
systemic
what is the relationship between VO2 and power output
cardiac output and VO2
linear
what is the equation for VO2
stroke volume X heart rate X arteriola conc. & venous conc.
what does arteiola concentration and venous concentration mean (a-vO2)
difference in oxygen being used in those muscles
what are four this that aerobic power and fitness depend on
- increase cardiac output
- carry arterial oxygen
- redistrbute flow to mucles
- extract oxygen from blood in those muscels
what does autorhythmicty mean
Spontaneously depolarise and repolarise
what does systole do and diastole do
systolic - contract
diastole - relax
explain the duty cycle and what system are you more in when exercising
contracting vs relactation
- more time spent in systole
what is cardiac out put
how much blood you can get around in a minute
for submax exercise what is the % lower for cardaic output in trained athletes
5-10% lower
if your a femal will your cardiac output be lower or higher
higher by 5-10%
stroke volume response w/ exercise time
rapid increase then plateau
if your an athlete will your stroke volume be higher or lower than untrained
higher
for arem exercise will there be a increase or less of rise of stroke volume
less rise
t/f does ur HR rise more in arm exercise than leg
yes
with HR and intensity out of untrained and athlete who have higher HR
untrained
- athletes have lower HR at rest and less HR rise with WR
With age what effect does this have with HR
Max HR decreases as you get older
Low HR mean what for O2 demand
less
- heart doesn’t have to work as much
Low HR means what for power
high potential
how do you lower HR
slowing breathing down to indicate PNS
why would it be a good idea to use a electromagnetically braked cycle (velotron)
- wide range of power and fine control
- constant power output
- reliability between sessions
why is using a treadmill not a good idea
unable to be certain w/ energy expenditure if someones running efficiency isn’t measured
what is wrong with the erg
- need to know barometric (atmospheric) pressure
- difficult to calibrate
ventilation exercising at given submax power is more or less in trained compared to untrained
less
is ventilation greater in trained or untrained for max power output
greater in trained
if you decrease carbon dioxide in hyperventilation does this make the blood more alkaline or acid
alkaline
tidal volume is _L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise
0.5L
3L
ventilation is _ L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise
6 L
150L
for alveolar ventilation at the same ventilation would it be better to have larger or smaller tidal volume
larger tidal
Hb oxygen de saturated typically occurs and limits performance
T/F
false
The bohr effect is a _____ shift of HB O2 saturation curve to the which makes it _____for HB to offload O2 to tissues
right, easier
The bohr effect can be brough about by
increase in CO2 and acidic
Main difference between men and women which makes cardio respiratory work hard at higher intensities in women is
women have less Haemoglobin
Most of the carbon dioxide from aerobic metabolism is carried in venous blood as
Bicarbonate
when going from resting to a given submaximal intensity of exercise, HR will typically rise more
if the exercise is performed w/ arms rather than legs
what proportion of the oxygen bound to Haemoglobin within arterial blood will typically be offloaded (dissociated) to diffuse into tissue of the systemic circulation when resting
25%
stroke volume is determined to the leeast extent by
breathing frequency
the least important determinant of your ability to use oxygen faster (and therefore your exercise capacity) is your
metabolic rate??
what is the equation for ventilation
Breathing frequency*tidal volume
what is the equation for tidal volume
alveolar volume + dead space
how do you increase alveolar ventilation
increase DEPTH of breathing
at given relative exercise load what happens to ventilation, and pH
less increase in ventilation
less acidity
what are some reasons of athletes having less ventilation and less acidity
less type 2 fibres
increase in H+ buffering
what points of the cardiovasular transport chain occur by diffusion,
alveolar -blood transfer
what points of the cardiovascular transport chain occur by mass flow
alveolar -ventialtion
___ is very soluble so pressure gradient will allow equilivant exchange rate
CO2
at lungs what is higher CO2 or O2 pressure
PO2
at muscle which is higher
PCO2
PAO2 is lower than in atmospheric - why
water has evaporated
CO2 diffuses onto it
what response does rest , initial exercise and steady state
rest - negative feedback
exercise - feedforward
steady state - both
short term control during rest involves what pressure
arterial pressure
long term control during rest involves what pressure
venous pressure
after exercise does blood pressure drop below the pre - exercise value
yes
which is more sensitive CO2 or O2 at rest
CO2
what number is hypoxic threshold around
65-70 mmHg
at given realtive loads athletes have
less increase in ventilation
less acidity - therefore a decrease in pH (number small for acidic
why would athletes have less ventilation increase and less acidity in a given relative load
because of a decrease in type 2 fibres
increase in H+ buffering
why would satuation O2 shift to right
increase in temp
decreases in pH
increase in CO2
