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SPEX203 > M2 - cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

M2 - cardiopulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What two stages dictate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood?

A
  1. avelolar ventialtion
  2. avelolar blood transfer
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2
Q

what is hyperpnoea

A

increased ventilation (increased breathing)

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3
Q

how much can oxygen consumption increase for trained vs untrained

A

20 trained
10 trained

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4
Q

what % does energy use at rest for breathing

A

3%

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5
Q

what % does energy use at max exercise

A

12-24%

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6
Q

if air resistance is low what is the key feature ( what pressure)

A

pleural pressure

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7
Q

what are two CVS functions

A
  1. transport
  2. haemostasis (getting rid of clots)
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8
Q

low pressure - reoxygenation, what system

A

pulmonary

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9
Q

high pressure - deoxygenation what system

A

systemic

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10
Q

what is the relationship between VO2 and power output
cardiac output and VO2

A

linear

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11
Q

what is the equation for VO2

A

stroke volume X heart rate X arteriola conc. & venous conc.

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12
Q

what does arteiola concentration and venous concentration mean (a-vO2)

A

difference in oxygen being used in those muscles

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13
Q

what are four this that aerobic power and fitness depend on

A
  1. increase cardiac output
  2. carry arterial oxygen
  3. redistrbute flow to mucles
  4. extract oxygen from blood in those muscels
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14
Q

what does autorhythmicty mean

A

Spontaneously depolarise and repolarise

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15
Q

what does systole do and diastole do

A

systolic - contract
diastole - relax

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16
Q

explain the duty cycle and what system are you more in when exercising

A

contracting vs relactation
- more time spent in systole

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17
Q

what is cardiac out put

A

how much blood you can get around in a minute

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18
Q

for submax exercise what is the % lower for cardaic output in trained athletes

A

5-10% lower

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19
Q

if your a femal will your cardiac output be lower or higher

A

higher by 5-10%

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20
Q

stroke volume response w/ exercise time

A

rapid increase then plateau

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21
Q

if your an athlete will your stroke volume be higher or lower than untrained

A

higher

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22
Q

for arem exercise will there be a increase or less of rise of stroke volume

A

less rise

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23
Q

t/f does ur HR rise more in arm exercise than leg

A

yes

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24
Q

with HR and intensity out of untrained and athlete who have higher HR

A

untrained
- athletes have lower HR at rest and less HR rise with WR

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25
Q

With age what effect does this have with HR

A

Max HR decreases as you get older

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26
Q

Low HR mean what for O2 demand

A

less
- heart doesn’t have to work as much

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27
Q

Low HR means what for power

A

high potential

28
Q

how do you lower HR

A

slowing breathing down to indicate PNS

29
Q

why would it be a good idea to use a electromagnetically braked cycle (velotron)

A
  • wide range of power and fine control
  • constant power output
  • reliability between sessions
30
Q

why is using a treadmill not a good idea

A

unable to be certain w/ energy expenditure if someones running efficiency isn’t measured

31
Q

what is wrong with the erg

A
  • need to know barometric (atmospheric) pressure
  • difficult to calibrate
32
Q

ventilation exercising at given submax power is more or less in trained compared to untrained

A

less

33
Q

is ventilation greater in trained or untrained for max power output

A

greater in trained

34
Q

if you decrease carbon dioxide in hyperventilation does this make the blood more alkaline or acid

A

alkaline

35
Q

tidal volume is _L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise

A

0.5L
3L

36
Q

ventilation is _ L at rest and can increase to _ L during intensive exercise

A

6 L
150L

37
Q

for alveolar ventilation at the same ventilation would it be better to have larger or smaller tidal volume

A

larger tidal

38
Q

Hb oxygen de saturated typically occurs and limits performance
T/F

A

false

39
Q

The bohr effect is a _____ shift of HB O2 saturation curve to the which makes it _____for HB to offload O2 to tissues

A

right, easier

40
Q

The bohr effect can be brough about by

A

increase in CO2 and acidic

41
Q

Main difference between men and women which makes cardio respiratory work hard at higher intensities in women is

A

women have less Haemoglobin

42
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide from aerobic metabolism is carried in venous blood as

A

Bicarbonate

43
Q

when going from resting to a given submaximal intensity of exercise, HR will typically rise more

A

if the exercise is performed w/ arms rather than legs

44
Q

what proportion of the oxygen bound to Haemoglobin within arterial blood will typically be offloaded (dissociated) to diffuse into tissue of the systemic circulation when resting

A

25%

45
Q

stroke volume is determined to the leeast extent by

A

breathing frequency

46
Q

the least important determinant of your ability to use oxygen faster (and therefore your exercise capacity) is your

A

metabolic rate??

47
Q

what is the equation for ventilation

A

Breathing frequency*tidal volume

48
Q

what is the equation for tidal volume

A

alveolar volume + dead space

49
Q

how do you increase alveolar ventilation

A

increase DEPTH of breathing

50
Q

at given relative exercise load what happens to ventilation, and pH

A

less increase in ventilation
less acidity

51
Q

what are some reasons of athletes having less ventilation and less acidity

A

less type 2 fibres
increase in H+ buffering

52
Q

what points of the cardiovasular transport chain occur by diffusion,

A

alveolar -blood transfer

53
Q

what points of the cardiovascular transport chain occur by mass flow

A

alveolar -ventialtion

54
Q

___ is very soluble so pressure gradient will allow equilivant exchange rate

A

CO2

55
Q

at lungs what is higher CO2 or O2 pressure

A

PO2

56
Q

at muscle which is higher

A

PCO2

57
Q

PAO2 is lower than in atmospheric - why

A

water has evaporated
CO2 diffuses onto it

58
Q

what response does rest , initial exercise and steady state

A

rest - negative feedback
exercise - feedforward
steady state - both

59
Q

short term control during rest involves what pressure

A

arterial pressure

60
Q

long term control during rest involves what pressure

A

venous pressure

61
Q

after exercise does blood pressure drop below the pre - exercise value

A

yes

62
Q

which is more sensitive CO2 or O2 at rest

A

CO2

63
Q

what number is hypoxic threshold around

A

65-70 mmHg

64
Q

at given realtive loads athletes have

A

less increase in ventilation
less acidity - therefore a decrease in pH (number small for acidic

65
Q

why would athletes have less ventilation increase and less acidity in a given relative load

A

because of a decrease in type 2 fibres
increase in H+ buffering

66
Q

why would satuation O2 shift to right

A

increase in temp
decreases in pH
increase in CO2

SPEX203 (5 decks)

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