Module 3 Flashcards
Is a process of genetic material from the male to genetic material from the female through the union of sperm and egg cells.
Reproductive
Reproduction are
To produce offspring with regularity
Maximize reproductive efficiency
Protect the future reproduction capabilities of the mare requires a sound
The process of ejaculated consist of three parts:
Erection
Ejaculation
Emission
Is stimulated by teasing the Stallion, the penis lengthens and stiffens through engorgement with blood.
Erection
Semen, which contains spermatozoa and fluid from the cauda epididymis plus fluids from the accesory glands
Emission
The semen is expelled through the urethra.
Ejaculation
Sperm output and sperm production is influenced by:
Season
Testicular size
Age
Frequency of ejaculation
Is attached to the endometrial lining of the uterus by innumerable tiny villi that projects into the lining
Transfer the embryos blood, oxygen and nutritional need
Placenta
Which cause her to come into heat and ovulate
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Occurs after she ovulate and is responsible for production of the corpus luteum and it production of progesterone
Lutienizing hormone
Are released that destroy the corpus luteum, reduce progesterone, allow mare to cycle again
Prostaglandins
Is a seasonally polyester species
Which means she comes into estrous several times a year but does not cycle all year round.
Long and difficult labor
Dystocia
Estrus cycle will start in a mare at puberty between :
15 to 24 months
Can early as 1 year old
As late as 4 years old
Mare has a estrous cycle of
21-22 days
Behavioral sign of sexual receptivity to the stallion
Estrous
Luteal phase, behavioral pattern is that of sexual rejection of the Stallion
Diestrus
Tha ovum is viable for 8 to 12 months
Spermatozoa coming up the oviduct can live for 24-48 hours (several days) inside the mares reproductive
Egg is fertilized,it travel down the oviduct and enters the uterus in 5 to 6 days
Gestation peroid 335 days
Is a premature termination of pregnancy before 300days of gestation
Abortion
Consideration for breeding include:
Appearance
Pedigree
Hereditary disorders
Disposition
Conformation
Performance
Factors that relate to the mare’s reproductive potential are :
Age
Previous athletic use
Breed
General health
Status
Nutrition
Past breeding recors
Pneumovagina ( air in the vagina )
Two methods mating breeding horses
Pasture mating
Hand mating
Vaccination program include against “rhinopnuemonitis”
Sign of impending parturition
Large
Udder Enlargement
Waxed teats
Relaxation of tail head, croup
Enlarged abdominal milk veins
Loss appetite
Change personality
Equipment helpful for foaling
- Four to five ounces of iodine solution
- Tail bandages
- Roll of sterile cotton
- Adhesive tape
Labor is commonly divided into three stages
The uterus begins to contract, foal moves into position to be born and cervix relaxes in stage 1
Signs of stage 1
Restlessness
Tail switching
Pacing
Sweating over the respiration neck chest and flanks
Urinate and defecate frequency
Stage 2. Intense of labor contraction that push the foal through the birth canal (30mins)
Difficult birth
Dystocia
Stage 3. Is complete when the placent and fetal membranes are expelled
An inflammation of the uterus
Metritis
Dark brown fluid may be seen on the vulva. Thus odorless discharge called
Lochia
Is relatively common during the first week of postpartum
Colic
6 to 12days postpartum, most mares will come into heat
The first estrous called
Foal heat
The hormone that’s stimulates milk production
Prolactin
