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PHAR111 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dose of a drug?

A

the quantitative amount administered to, or taken by, a patient for the intended medicinal effect

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2
Q

What are the uses of tablets and capsules?

A

They may be used to compound other solide dosage forms.

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3
Q

What can be used when there is no liquid form available and someone cannot swallow tablets?

A

A suspension can be made

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4
Q

What are the three main rules for using commercial products for compounding?

A
  1. Use the simplest dosage form (uncoated > coated; don’t use a modified release form)
  2. Use the least number of dosage units possible
  3. Prefer to use whole number of tablets –> if there is an extra half tablet, then still dispense the extra
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5
Q

What is another consideration to have when calculating?

A

Pharmacist may need to take into account the amount of inactive ingredients in the commercial tablet as well

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6
Q

What are the units for the concentration for an injection?

A

Expressed as a percentage or quantity per unit volume (such as Xg/mL)

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7
Q

To account for loss of powder on equipment and increased occurrence of errors, what must you do?

A

You must always calculate for 2 extra capsules.

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8
Q

What is the dose of a drug?

A

the quantitative amount administered to, or taken by, a patient for the intended medicinal effect

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9
Q

Single dose

A

The amount taken at one time

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10
Q

The daily dose

A

amount taken in entire day

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11
Q

The total dose

A

amount taken over the course of therapy

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12
Q

Dosage regimen

A

The schedule of dosing

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13
Q

Usual adult dose

A

the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect in adults

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14
Q

Usual pediatric dose

A

the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect in children

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15
Q

Usual dosage range

A

the quantitative range or amounts that would be prescribed in usual medical practice

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16
Q

What is one teaspoon?

A

5mL or ℨ i

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17
Q

What is one tablespoon?

A

15mL or ss fl ℥

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18
Q

Are drops a definite quantity?

A

No, liquids and droppers differ greatly. Need to calibrate the dropper to determine the exact volume

19
Q

Rules for rounding drops

A

Round to nearest whole number

20
Q

Size of dose

A

quantitative amount needed to deliver the prescribed amount of drug; measured by weight, volume or dosage units

21
Q

Number of doses

A

Doses available in a specified quantity

22
Q

Total amount

A

Amount of drug or product needed to supply the prescribed dose and dosage regimen

23
Q

Total amount formula

A

Total amount = # of doses X size of dose (*Can rearrange for either variable)

24
Q

Dosage calculations are based on:

A

Age, body weight, body surface area, clinical lab test values

25
Q

What weight is the general adult dose?

A

70kg 0r 154lb individuals

26
Q

What is Clark’s Rule?

A

A general rule for calculating a pediatric dose based on an adult dose

27
Q

What is the equation for Clark’s rule?

A

Weight of the child (lbs) x adult dose / 150 = Dose for the child

28
Q

What patient parameters are taken for Body Surface Area dosing?

A

height and weight

29
Q

What is the formula for BSA?

A

BSA (m^2) = sq rt. (weight (kg) x height (cm) / 3600)

30
Q

What is the formula for adjusted (approximate) dose?

A

approximate dose = BSA (m^2)/ 1.73 m^2 X usual adult dose

31
Q

Average BSA

A

Average BSA for adult men: 1.9 m2
Average BSA for adult women: 1.6 m2
Average BSA for children (9 years): 1.07 m2
Average BSA for children (10 years): 1.14 m2
Average BSA for children (12-13 years): 1.33 m2

32
Q

What are the available volumes of commercially prepared infusions?

A

50mL, 100mL, 250mL, 500mL, 1000mL

33
Q

What is macrodrip and microdrip?

A

Macrodrip is standard IV and micrdrip is pediatric IV

34
Q

What is the drip rate?

A

10-15 drops/mL to 60 drops/mL

35
Q

How is IV administered?

A

Assisted by gravity (IV pole) or an electronic volumetric infusion pump

36
Q

What is continuous infusion?

A

Large volumes of fluid (250-100mL) administered into a vein uninterrupted

37
Q

What are intermittent infusions?

A

Infusions that are administered over a scheduled period (ex. over an hour, repeated every 8 hrs)

38
Q

What is IV push?

A

Rapid infusion of a medication into a vein, and is usually conducted in less than a minute

39
Q

What is reconstitution?

A

a drug mixed with a liquid (called the dilutent) before it can be administered

40
Q

What is loading dose?

A

It is a comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to start getting the effect of a drug, especially one with slow clearance, thus requiring a long period to achieve stable blood levels without a high initial dose.

41
Q

Infusion time formula

A

Infusion time = Volume of infusion (mL) / Time (min)

42
Q

Flow rate formula

A

Rate of flow (drops/min) = Volume infused (mL) x Drip set (drops/mL) / Time (min)

43
Q

Infusion rate formula

A

Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Pt wt (kg) x Dose (mcg, mg, units/kg/min) x 60 / Drug conc. , infusion (mcg, mg, units/mL)

PHAR111 (2 decks)

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