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STS 113 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

It was the Greek speculation about nature.

A

Intellectual Revolution

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2
Q

Intellectual Revolution was also known as _______, ________, and ________.

A

Pre-Socratic, Non-theological, and First Philosophy

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3
Q

What are the three characteristics of the philosophy of, Intellectual Revolution?

A
  1. The world is a natural whole.
  2. There is a natural order
  3. Humans can discover laws
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4
Q

It states that supernatural forces do not make anything happen.

A

The world is a natural whole

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5
Q

It states that there are laws of nature that exist within our world.

A

There is a natural order

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6
Q

It states that humans are capable of uncovering these laws of nature.

A

Humans can discover laws

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7
Q

Scientists are driven by the 3C’s. What are these?

A

Curiosity, Critical Thinking, and Creativity

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8
Q

Scientists’ love for science is driven by their _______ to _______ and_______.

A

deep passion to know and discover

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9
Q

True or False. Some scientists were appreciated during their time.

A

False

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10
Q

What happened to some scientists during their time?

A
  1. Some were sentenced to death
  2. Others were condemned by the Church
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11
Q

What were the careers of Nicholas Copernicus?

A
  1. Astronomer
  2. Mathematician
  3. Doctor
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12
Q

Who worked against the idea of a geocentric model of the solar system?

A

Nicholas Copernicus (1473 - 1543)

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13
Q

In this model, the sun is the center of the solar system.

A

Heliocentric Model

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14
Q

Who published an essay entitled “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543?

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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15
Q

When did Nicholas Copernicus publish his essay entitled “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium”?

A

1543

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16
Q

Another name of “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.”

A

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

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17
Q

What was the title of the manuscript of Nicholas Copernicus that he circulated to his friends in 1510?

A

Little Commentary or Commentariolus

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18
Q

True or False. Nicholas Copernicus was a religious man.

A

True

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19
Q

Who believed that the true center of the solar system is Earth during the time of Nicholas Copernicus?

A

Aristotle

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20
Q

Who created the geocentric model of the solar system?

A

Ptolemy

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21
Q

Why did people not believe Nicholas Copernicus?

A

Aristotle believes in geocentrism and more famous than Nicholas Copernicus.

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22
Q

The church labeled Nicholas Copernicus as _____.

A

heretic

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23
Q

In this model, the Earth is the center of the solar system.

A

Geocentric Model

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24
Q

He was a genius-came from an intellectually and wealthy family.

A

Charles Darwin

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25
Q

True or False. Charles Darwin did not struggle in medical school and ministry.

A

False

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26
Q

What did the professor of Charles Darwin recommend to Darwin?

A

5-year voyage through the HMS Beagle on the Island of Galapagos

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27
Q

How many years was the voyage of Charles Darwin?

A

5 years

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28
Q

What ship did Charles Darwin ride throughout the voyage?

A

HMS Beagle

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29
Q

What is the island destination of Charles Darwin?

A

Island of Galapagos

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30
Q

What is the title of the book that Charles Darwin published in 1859?

A

The Origins of Species

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31
Q

Charles Darwin proposed the Theory of Evolution with who?

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

32
Q

He is the one who created the Theory of Evolution.

A

Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882)

33
Q

It suggests that all organisms are related and have descended from a common ancestor.

A

Theory of Evolution

34
Q

How did Charles Darwin answer the question, “If we came from monkeys how come they have stayed as monkeys?”?

A

Charles Darwin said that there are monkeys who stayed and there are who transformed.

35
Q

What is the mechanism Charles Darwin proposed in his Theory of Evolution?

A

Natural Selection

36
Q

It is the process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype or genetic constitution.

A

Natural Selection

37
Q

Who is the Father of Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

38
Q

He is one of the 20th most influential thinkers.

A

Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

39
Q

He believed that when people explain their behavior, they rarely give a true account of their motivation, not because they are deliberately lying, but because they are more adept at self-deception.

A

Sigmund Feud (1856 - 1939)

40
Q

It emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.

A

Sigmund Freud’s Structural Theory of Personality

41
Q

“I want to do that now” - what part of the mind is this?

A

Id (Instincts)

41
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the mind is divided into 3 components. What are these?

A
  1. Id (Instincts)
  2. Ego (Reality)
  3. Superego (Morality)
42
Q

“Maybe we can compromise” - what part of the mind is this?

A

Ego (Reality)

43
Q

“It is not right to do that” - what part of the mind is this?

A

Superego (Morality)

44
Q

It is the primitive component of our mind.

A

Id (Instinct)

45
Q

It mediates the demand of the two components of the mind, the id and superego.

A

Ego (Reality)

46
Q

It works to satisfy the id’s desire in a manner that is realistic and socially applicable.

A

Ego (Reality)

47
Q

It works to suppress the id.

A

Superego (Morality)

48
Q

It is the development of an important observational method to gather reliable data to study humans’ inner life.

A

psychoanalysis

49
Q

It is a movable printing type and because of this the production of the newspaper has accelerated.

A

Gutenberg Printing Press 1455

50
Q

What was Alex Turing’s work during WWI?

A

Turing Machine
Turing Test

51
Q

The Analytic Engine was invented by?

A

Agusta and Baggage (1830)

52
Q

He invented the first telephone.

A

Alexander Bell (1870)

53
Q

Enumerate the things cultivated in Meso-American civilization.

A
  1. cacao
  2. tomatoes
  3. chilies
  4. corns
  5. squash
  6. beans
54
Q

What animals are domesticated in Meso-American Civilization?

A
  1. Turkey
  2. Dogs
55
Q

Three sisters in Meso-American Civilization.

A
  1. bean
  2. corn
  3. squash
56
Q

In Meso-American Civilizations, rubber balls are made from ______.

A

rubber trees

57
Q

In Meso-American Civilization, rubber balls are used for _____ and ______.

A

performance games and rituals

58
Q

What were the world’s great early Asian civilizations?

A

India and China

59
Q

Civilization arose in the Indus Valley _______ years ago.

60
Q

Civilization arose in the _______ 4000 years ago

A

Indus Valley

61
Q

In Asian Civilization, weapons and utensils are made of ______ and ______.

A

bronze and copper

62
Q

In Asian Civilization, Shops were established in _________.

A

Mohenjo-Daro

63
Q

What are the dominant religions in Asian civilization?

A
  1. Hinduism
  2. Buddhism
  3. Confucianism
64
Q

It is the Home of the “Cradle of Civilization.”

A

Middle East Civilization

65
Q

Who developed the first writing system in the world?

A

Middle East Civilization

66
Q

What is the first writing system in the world?

67
Q

Who developed Potter’s wheel, vehicular wheel, and mill wheel?

A

Middle East Civilization

68
Q

They developed the 1st generalized government and law codes.

A

Middle East Civilization

69
Q

They developed the foundation of astronomy and mathematics.

A

Middle East Civilization

70
Q

In mathematics African civilization developed the ________. It is based on units of 20 instead of 10 and
requires impressive an amount of subtraction to identify numbers

A

Yoruba System

71
Q

Contribution of African Civilization in Mathematics.

A

Yoruba System

72
Q

It is the calendar in African Civilization.

A

African Stonehenge

73
Q

Contribution of African Civilization in Astronomy.

A

African Stonehenge

74
Q

How did the African Civilization treat pain?

A

plants with salicylic acid

75
Q

What did the African Civilization discovered in bacteria

A

Kaolin = Bacteria and Extract = Gram + Bacteria

STS 113 (8 decks)

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