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BioPsych > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overall term for the “wrinkles” that are present on the brain whose function is to add more surface area to the cortex (the outer layer of the brain).

A

Convolutions

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2
Q

What are the two subsets of convolutions (hills and valleys)?

A

Hills - Gyri (multiple) Gyrus (singular)

Valleys - Sulci (multiple) Sulcus (singular)

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3
Q

What is the term for a big deep sulcus?

A

Fissure

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4
Q

What is the name of the deep fissure that runs down the midline of the brain whose function is to divide the two sides of the brain? (medial/Dorsal)

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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5
Q

What is the name of the sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Ansate Sulcus

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6
Q

What is the Ansate Sulcus called in humans?

A

Central Sulcus

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7
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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8
Q

This lobe of the brain is responsible for high-level visual processing (highly processed data)?

A

Occipital

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9
Q

This lobe of the brain is responsible for high-level auditory processing, declarative memory, hearing, and language comprehension.

A

Temporal

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10
Q

Overall this lobe is responsible for somatosensation (bodily sensations).

A

Parietal

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11
Q

What two subsets are involved in somatosensation?

A

Tactile

Proprioception

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12
Q

This is the term that refers to touch sensation, a subset of somatosensation.

A

Tactile

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13
Q

This is the term that refers to knowing where my body is in space, a subset of somatosensation.

A

Proprioception

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14
Q

This lobe of the brain is responsible for executive functions (inhibiting now actions and planning for future actions).

A

Frontal Lobe

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15
Q

What do the Occipital, Parietal, and Temporal lobes have in common?

A

They all deal with sensory input.

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16
Q

What makes the frontal lobe special?

A

It is the only lobe that deals with motor output.

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17
Q

This cortex exists in every lobe and receives information coming in first.

A

Primary Cortex

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18
Q

This cortex exists in every lobe and meshes or binds (binding) the information together to create one experience.

A

Association Cortex

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19
Q

What is the name of the primary cortex in the frontal lobe?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

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20
Q

What is the name of the primary cortex in the parietal lobe?

A

Primary somatosensory Cortex

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21
Q

What is the name of the primary cortex in the temporal lobe?

A

Primary Auditory Cortex.

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22
Q

What is the name of the primary cortex in the occipital lobe?

A

Primary Visual Cortex

23
Q

Damage to the Occipital lobe can result in a blind spot in your visual field called a what?

A

Scotoma

24
Q

Damage to the Temporal lobe can cause what?

A

Aphasia

25
Q

This is the term for a failure to comprehend language to varying degrees, meaning declarative memory is impaired.

A

Aphasia

26
Q

Damage to the parietal lobe can cause this weird disturbance in which someone may not recognize their own body parts (i.e. arm/hand after stroke)

A

Neglect

27
Q

What are the three divisions of the prefrontal cortex?

A

1 - Supplementary Motor Cortex/Premotor Cortex
2 - Orbito Frontal Cortex (OFC)
3 - Dorsolateral Cortex (DLPFC)

28
Q

This division of the prefrontal cortex updates reward values.

A

Orbito Frontal Cortex (OFC)

29
Q

This division of the prefrontal cortex is responsible for working memory, helps us make sure we meet our goals, and helps us to pay attention and be engaged.

A

Dorsolateral Frontal Cortex (DLPFC)

30
Q

Problems in functioning in the orbitofrontal cortex can be responsible for OCD - this type of behavior is called.

A

Perseverative behaviors

31
Q

Problems in functioning in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can lead to what common disorder?

A

Attention Deficit

32
Q

Which part of the brain is underdeveloped in toddlers, which leads them to engage in perseverative behaviors?

A

orbitofrontal cortex

33
Q

When we are actively engaged, and thinking about something in order to achieve a goal which part of our brain is active, and what type of memory are we using?

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

working memory

34
Q

this part of the nervous system has to do with the skeletal muscles moving around

A

somatic nervous system

35
Q

this part of the nervous system has to do with the viscera (internal organs from the larynx to the bowels)

A

autonomic nervous system

36
Q

what is the term for the evolutionary older cortex

A

paleocortex

37
Q

what is the term for the evolutionary newer cortex

A

neocortex

38
Q

This part of the paleocortex is deeply important for emotions and can be divided into two parts

A

limbic lobe

39
Q

what is the name for the more rostral part of the limbic lobe

A

uncus

40
Q

This part of the limbic lobe combines olfactory information with emotional information and is the reason that memories that involve smell are so long-lasting

A

uncus

41
Q

What is the name of the more caudal part of the limbic lobe

A

entorhinal cortex

42
Q

Which parts of the body are over-represented in the homunculus?

A

all parts of the face including lips, tongue, mouth, eyes, nose and the hands and fingers

43
Q

what does over-representation of the face and hands in the homunculus mean?

A

that those parts are hypersensitive to stimulation

44
Q

what is the term for the hypersensitization caused by overrepresentation of the face and hands in the homunculus?

A

2 point discrimination

45
Q

what is the homunculus?

A

“LIttle man”, it’s just a term used to describe the primary somatosensory cortex, it describes the fact that it controls the nervous system in the different body parts.

46
Q

If a potential is described as being actively conducted, which potential is being referred to, action potential, resting potential or post-synaptic potential

A

action potential

47
Q

If a postsynaptic potential is described as a positive charge that increases the chance of an action potential occurring what is it called?

A

excitatory

48
Q

if a postsynaptic potential is described as a negative charge that decreases the chance of an action potential occurring what is it called?

A

inhibitory

49
Q

what does the expression “fizzle out” refer to when referring to a postsynaptic potential?

A

that it gets weaker as it travels across the dendrites and cell body.

50
Q

The somatic nervous system is represented by which primary cortex?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex located in the parietal lobe

51
Q

This deep fissure separates the temporal lobe from the limbic lobe

A

Rhinal fissure

52
Q

This term refers to the fact that is you pair a stimulus (bad sushi) with a response (vomiting) particularly a smell, the memory will last for decades, possibly forever.

A

one-trial learning

53
Q

how can the surface characteristics of the limbic lobe be described?

A

relatively smooth with few convolutions

BioPsych (3 decks)

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