Module 3 Flashcards
fundamental niche
entire spectrum of conditions in which a species can survive and reproduce
Realized niche
set of conditions actually used by a species due to competition with other species
competition
the use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces availability of that resource to others
interspecific competition
competition between species
Intraspecific competition
competition within species
Intraspecific competition drives divergence within populations
Interspecific competition drives divergence within communities
Habitat
The resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy, including survival and reproduction of a given organism
Liebig’s law of the minimum
rate of growth of a population is dependent on the nutrient or other condition present in the minimum quantity in terms of need and availability
Eugene odum
any condition which nears or surpasses the limits of tolerance for the organism becomes a limiting factor
limiting factor
the factor or condition outweighing other factors in limiting population growth
Carrying capacity
The maximum population an environment can sustain without causing damage such as overbrowsing
habitat use
the way an animal uses a collection of physicl and biological entities in a habitat
Habitat selection
a hierarchical process involving a series of innate and learned behavioral decisions made by an animal about what habitat it would use at different scales in the environment
Habitat preference
used to describe the relative use of different locations (habitats) by an individual species
Habitat availability
the accessibility and procurability of physical and biological components of a habitat
Habitat quality
The ability of the area to provide conditions appropriate for individual and population persistence.
Critical habitat
A legal term describing the physical or biological features essential to the conservation of a species
Macrohabitat
landscape features
Microhabitat
finer-scaled features
1st order
geographic range
2nd order
home range of individual or groups
3rd order
use of habitat components within home range
4th order
how 3rd order selection is carried out
Predation
the act of predators capturing prey
carnivore
organism that depends in total or in part on killing another animal for food
carnivory
predator kills and eats animal prey
cannibalism
special case of carnivory where predator and prey same species
parasitism
parasite feeding on another animal
paul errington
doomed surplus
compensatory
the concept that one kind of mortality largely replaces another kind of mortality in animal populations
Additive
the concept that the effect of one kind of mortality is added to those of other sources of mortality
Trophic cascades
predators suppression of prey is decreased, thereby enhancing prey’s impacts on the next lower trophic level herbivore impacts on plants
Harvest planning process
determining status of the resour
