Disease Flashcards
Disease
any change in the normal function or structure of any part, organ, or system of a living body that is not simply the result of physical injury
why study wildlife diseases?
Impact wildlife populations Help pathologists with diagnosis Indicator for health of habitat Indicator for zoonotic diseases Human health and economic losses Knowledge important PR tool
Pathology
study of the structural and functional cause and effects of disease
Etiology
study of the cause of a disease
Intrinsic flaw
hereditary disease
Deficiency disease
disorders of the metabolism
Trauma
non-lethal can predispose to disease (infections)
Living organisms
high concern (bacteria, fungus, virus)
Pathogen
a disease causing agent
Includes bacteria, viruses, and parasites
Vector
an organism that transmits a disease within and between populations
Commonly an arthropod
Reservoir
the pool represented by animal populations where pathogens may be harbored as a source of infection for other populations
Microparasite
Direct reproduction within the host
Very small and short generation time
hosts often acquire immunity
Macroparasite
no direct reproduction in the host
larger and longer lived than microparasites
host immune response often depends on the parasite load
hosts may be re-infected
Enzootic
chronic level of disease frequency
A low but constant occurrence of a disease in a population
Epizootic
Outbreak of disease
Eruptive
Large number of animals die in a short time period
Zoonosis
An occurrence of disease that spreads from animals to humans
stage 1
agent only in animals
Stage 2
primary infection
stage 3
limited outbreak
stage 4
long outbreak
stage 5
exclusive human agent
factors influencing disease emergence and persistence
density connectivity temperature/precipitation persistence transmission virulence habitat loss/increasing human-wildlife interface
R0
the number of cases one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period
R0>1
disease persists in population
Virulence
the impact of a pathogen upon the survival or reproduction of the host
Disease control
Treatment Culling Vaccination Containment Test and remove Prevention
