Module 2A (Ch 30, 32, 29, 12, 37, 31, 35) Flashcards
The parent of a 4-month-old infant is concerned that the infant cannot hear. Which test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order to evaluate potential hearing loss in this infant?
Auditory brainstem response (ABR)
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner obtains a tympanogram on a child that reveals a sharp peak of 180 mm H2O. What does this value indicate
Negative ear pressure
An 18-month-old child with no previous history of otitis media awoke during the night with right ear pain. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes an axillary temperature of 100.5°F and an erythematous, bulging tympanic membrane. A tympanogram reveals of peak of +150 mm H2O. What is the recommended treatment for this child?
An analgesic medication and watchful waiting
A 7-month-old infant has had two prior acute ear infections and is currently on the 10th day of therapy with amoxicillinclavulanate after a failed course of amoxicillin. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes marked middle ear effusion and erythema of the TM. The child is irritable and has a temperature of 99.8°F. What is the next step in management of this child’s ear infection
Refer the child to an otolaryngologist
. A 3-year-old child with pressure-equalizing tubes (PET) in both ears has otalgia in one ear. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is able to visualize the tube and does not see exudate in the ear canal and obtains a type A tympanogram. What will the nurse practitioner do
Order ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops
What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner teach the parents of a child who has new pressure-equalizing tubes (PET) in both ears?
Parents should notice improved hearing in their child.
A child with a history of otitis externa asks about ways to prevent this condition. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend
Drying the ear canal with a hair dryer
A child complains of itching in both ears and is having trouble hearing. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes periauricular edema and marked swelling of the external auditory canal and elicits severe pain when manipulating the external ear structures. Which is an appropriate intervention?
Order ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops.
A child who has otitis externa has severe swelling of the external auditory canal that persists after 2 days of therapy with ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops. What is the next step in treatment for this child
Insert a wick into the external auditory canal.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a small, round object in a child’s external auditory canal, near the tympanic membrane. The child’s parent thinks it is probably a dried pea. What will the nurse practitioner do to remove this object?
Refer the child to an otolaryngologist for removal
A 3-year-old child has had one episode of acute otitis media 3 weeks prior with a normal tympanogram just after treatment with amoxicillin. In the clinic today, the child has a type B tympanogram, a temperature of 102.5°F, and a bulging tympanic membrane. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order
Amoxicillinclavulanate twice daily
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner diagnoses acute otitis media in a 2-year-old child who has a history of three ear infections in the first 6 months of life. The child’s tympanic membrane is intact and the child has a temperature of 101.5°F. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe for this child
id treat but An analgesic medication and watchful waiting
A child who was treated with amoxicillin and then amoxicillinclavulanate for acute otitis media is seen for followup. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes dullgray tympanic membranes with a visible airfluid level. The child is afebrile and without pain. What is the next course of action
Monitoring ear fluid levels for 3 months
A school-age child has a history of chronic otitis media and is seen in the clinic with vertigo. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes profuse purulent otorrhea from both pressure-equalizing tubes and a pearly white lesion on one tympanic membrane. Which condition is most likely
Cholesteatoma
In a respiratory disorder causing a checkvalve obstruction, which symptoms will be present
Air entry on inspiration with expiratory occlusion
A child has an acute infection causing lower airway obstruction. Which initial symptom is expected in this child
Wheezing
A 4-year-old child with an upper respiratory tract infection has cloudy nasal discharge and moderate nasal congestion interfering with sleep. The parent asks what product to use to help with symptoms. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend
Saline rinses
A 5-year-old child has enlarged tonsils and a history of four throat infections in the previous year with fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and positive Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS) cultures. The parent reports that the child snores at night and expresses concerns about the child’s quality of sleep. The next step in managing this child’s condition is to
refer to a pulmonologist for polysomnography evaluation
A school-age child has an abrupt onset of sore throat, nausea, headache, and a temperature of 102.3°F. An examination reveals petechiae on the soft palate, beefyred tonsils with yellow exudate, and a scarlatiniform rash. A Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) is negative. What is the next step in management for this child?
Perform a follow-up throat culture.
An adolescent has suspected infectious mononucleosis after exposure to the virus in the past week. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner examines the adolescent and notes exudate on the tonsils, soft palate petechiae, and diffuse adenopathy. Which test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner perform to confirm the diagnosis
EBV specific antibody testing
A school-age child has had nasal discharge and daytime cough but no fever for 12 days without improvement in symptoms. The child has not had antibiotics recently and there is no significant antibiotic resistance in the local community. What is the appropriate treatment for this child
Amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day
After 14 days of treatment with amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day for acute rhinosinusitis, a child continues to have mucopurulent nasal discharge along with induration, swelling, and erythema of both eyelids. What is the next course of treatment
Referral to a pediatric otolaryngologist
The parent of a toddler and a 4-week-old infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the toddler has just been diagnosed with pertussis. What will the nurse practitioner do to prevent disease transmission to the infant?
Order azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day in a single dose daily for 5 days.
A schoo-lage child has frequent nosebleeds. Nasal visualization reveals fresh clots and excoriated nasal mucosa but no visible site of bleeding. Coagulation studies are normal. In spite of symptomatic measures, the child continues to have nosebleeds. What is the next course of action
Refer to an otolaryngologist for further evaluation
A child is in the clinic because of symptoms of purulent, foul smelling nasal discharge from the right nostril. Nasal visualization reveals something shiny in a mass of mucous in the nasal cavity. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do
Attempt to remove the mass gently using alligator forceps
A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic after developing a hoarse, bark-like cough during the night with “trouble catching his breath” according to the parent. The history reveals a 2 day history of low grade fever and upper respiratory symptoms. On exam, the child has a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, occasional stridor when crying, and a temperature of 101.3°F. What is the next step in treatment for this child
Prescribe oral dexamethasone for 2 days
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a child who awoke with a sore throat and high fever after a nap. The child appears anxious and is sitting on the parent’s lap with the neck hyperextended. The physical exam reveals stridor, drooling, nasal flaring, and retractions. What will the nurse practitioner do next
Transport the child to the hospital via emergency medical services.
A 5-month-old infant who has a 3 day history of cough and rhinorrhea has developed symptoms of respiratory distress with audible expiratory wheezes and increased coughing. The infant’s immunizations are up to date. The physical exam reveals a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute, coarse expiratory wheezing, and prolonged expiration. An oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. What is the recommended treatment for this infant
Recommend increased fluids and close followup
A previously healthy school-age child develops a cough and a low-grade fever. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates wheezes in all lung fields. Which diagnosis will the nurse practitioner suspect
Atypical pneumonia
A child is diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia and will be treated as an outpatient. Which antibiotic will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner prescribe
Amoxicillin
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner manages care in conjunction with a pediatric pulmonologist for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which medication regimen is used to facilitate airway clearance for this child
Inhaled dornase alfa
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a vision screen on a 4-month-old infant and notes the presence of convergence and accommodation with mild esotropia of the left eye. What will the nurse practitioner do
Refer the infant to a pediatric ophthalmologist.
During a well child exam on a 4-year-old child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that the clinic nurse recorded “20/50” for the child’s vision and noted that the child had difficulty cooperating with the exam. What will the nurse practitioner recommend
Test the child’s vision in 1 month.
During a well child assessment of an African American infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a dark redbrown light reflex in the left eye and a slightly brighter, redorange light reflex in the right eye. The nurse practitioner will
refer the infant to an ophthalmologist.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a Hirschberg test to evaluate
ocular alignment.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner applies fluorescein stain to a child’s eye. When examining the eye with a cobalt blue filter light, the entire cornea appears cloudy. What does this indicate
There is too much stain on the cornea
A toddler exhibits exotropia of the right eye during a cover-uncover screen. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will refer to a pediatric ophthalmologist to initiate which treatment
Patching of the unaffected eye for 2 hours each day
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well child examination on a 9-month-old infant who has a history of prematurity at 28 weeks’ gestation. The infant was treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and all symptoms have resolved. When will the infant need an ophthalmologic exam
At 12 months of age
During a well-baby assessment on a 1-week-old infant who had a normal exam when discharged from the newborn nursery 2 days prior, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes moderate eyelid swelling, bulbar conjunctival injections, and moderate amounts of thick, purulent discharge. What is the likely diagnosis
Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well baby assessment of a 5-day-old infant and notes mild conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, and serosanguinous discharge in the right eye. Which course of action is correct
Admit the infant to the hospital immediately.
A preschool-age child who attends day care has a 2 day history of matted eyelids in the morning and burning and itching of the eyes. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes yellow-green purulent discharge from both eyes, conjunctival erythema, and mild URI symptoms. Which action is correct?
Prescribe topical antibiotic drops
A 14-year-old child has a 2 week history of severe itching and tearing of both eyes. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes redness and swelling of the eyelids along with stringy, mucoid discharge. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe
Topical NSAID drops
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes a tender, swollen red furuncle on the upper lid margin of a child’s eye. What treatment will the nurse practitioner recommend
Warm, moist compresses 3 to 4 times daily
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is treating an infant with lacrimal duct obstruction who has developed bacterial conjunctivitis. After 2 weeks of treatment with topical antibiotics along with massage and frequent cleansing of secretions, the infant’s symptoms have not improved. Which action is correct
Refer to an ophthalmologist
A preschool age child is seen in the clinic after waking up a temperature of 102.2°F, swelling and erythema of the upper lid of one eye, and moderate pain when looking from side to side. Which course of treatment is correct
Admit to the hospital for intravenous antibiotics.
A school-age child is seen in the clinic after a fragment from a glass bottle flew into the eye. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do?
Refer immediately to an ophthalmologist
A school-age child is hit in the face with a baseball bat and reports pain in one eye. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is able to see a dark red fluid level between the cornea and iris on gross examination, but the child resists any exam with a light. Which action is correct?
Refer the child immediately to an ophthalmologist
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 4month-old infant who is nursing exclusively. The mother reports that the infant has had a marked decrease in the number of stools each day, from 3 to 5 stools each day to only one stool every other day. How will the nurse practitioner respond?
Ask the mother to describe the color and consistency of the stools.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 12-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the infant has predictable bowel and bladder habits and asks about toilet training. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent
Placing the child on a “potty” chair helps the child associate elimination cues with the toilet.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 24-month-old child. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the child is being toilet trained and expresses frustration that on some days the child uses the toilet every time and on other days not at all. What will the nurse practitioner do
Ask the parent about the child’s toilet habits and understanding of toilet training.