Module 1 (Ch. 4,5,10,11, 24, 33, 27) Flashcards
The mother of a 6monthold infant is distressed because the infant can say “dada” but not “mama” and asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner why this is when she is the one who spends more time with the infant. How will the nurse practitioner respond
“At this age, your baby does not understand the meaning of sounds.”
A 5yearold child who has a history of pertussis infection as an infant is in the clinic for immunizations prior to kindergarten. Which vaccine will be given
DTaP
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a newborn infant recently discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit after a premature birth. The parent is upset and expresses worry about whether the infant will be normal. What will the nurse practitioner do in this situation?
A. Point out the tasks that the infant can perform while conducting the assessment.
An 18monthold child who developed upper respiratory symptoms 1 day prior is brought to the clinic with a high fever, chills, muscle pains, and a dry, hacking cough. A rapid influenza test is negative and a viral culture is pending. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do?
Prescribe oseltamivir and follow closely
A single mother of an infant worries that living in a household with only one parent will cause her child to be maladjusted. To help address the mother’s concerns, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will suggest
developing consistent daily routines for the child
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a toddler who is below the 3rd percentile for weight even though the parents claim that the child eats “constantly.” What will the nurse practitioner do initially?
Evaluate the child’s feeding and elimination behaviors and ask the family to describe mealtime routines.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a schoolage child who has a history of cancer treated with cranial irradiation. What will the nurse practitioner monitor in this child?
Leukoencephalopathy
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 12monthold infant who is being fed goat’s milk and a vegetarian diet. The child is pale and has a beefyred, sore tongue and oral mucous membranes. Which tests will the nurse practitioner order to evaluate this child’s condition?
RBC folate, iron, and B12 levels
The mother of a 6weekold breastfeeding infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that her baby, who previously had bowel movements with each feeding, now has a bowel movement once every third day. What will the nurse practitioner tell her
This may be normal for breastfed babies
During a well child exam, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the parents of a young child fight frequently about finances. The parents state that they do not fight in front of the child and feel that the situation is temporary and related to the father’s job layoff. What will the nurse practitioner do?
Suggest counseling to learn ways to handle stress
A toddler is seen in the clinic after a 2day history of intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. An assessment reveals an irritable child with dry mucous membranes, 3second capillary refill, 2 second recoil of skin, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and cool hands and feet. The child has had two wet diapers in the past 24 hours. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend
Oral rehydration solution with followup in 24 hours
A 2monthold infant has a staccato cough and fever. Which aspect of the history is most important in determining the diagnosis
Immunization history (Chlamydia Pneumonia with staccato cough)
During an assessment of a 4weekold infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that a breastfed infant nurses every 2 hours during the day but is able to sleep for a 4hour period during the night. The infant has gained 20 grams per day in the interval since last seen in the clinic. What will the nurse practitioner recommend
Continuing to nurse the infant using the current pattern
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well baby examination on a 2monthold infant who has gained 25 grams per day in the last interval. The mother is nursing and tells the nurse practitioner that her infant seems fussy and wants to nurse more often. What will the nurse practitioner tell her
The infant may be going through an expected growth spurt.
- A schoolage child has fever of 104°F, sore throat, vomiting and malaise. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes that the tonsils, oropharynx, and palate are erythematous and covered with exudate; the tongue is coated and red; and there is a red, sandpaperlike rash on the child’s neck, trunk, and extremities. A rapid strep test is positive. What will the nurse practitioner do to manage this child’s illness?
Prescribe oral amoxicillin
- A 7yearold child whose immunizations are uptodate has a fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia. What course of treatment is indicated?
Hospitalization for diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an initial well child exam on a 3yearold child recently adopted from Africa. The adoptive parent has a record of immunizations indicating that the child is fully vaccinated. What will the nurse practitioner do?
Perform antibody titers and reimmunize the child.
The parent of a toddler tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the family has adopted a plantbased diet and the child is receiving rice and almond milk instead of cow’s milk. The nurse practitioner will counsel the parents about
protein deficiency.
During a well child assessment of an 18monthold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes the child becoming irritable and uncooperative. The parent tells the child to stop fussing. What will the nurse practitioner do
Offer the child a book or a toy to look at.
An 18monthold child has a 1day history of intermittent, cramping abdominal pain with nonbilious vomiting. The child is observed to scream and draw up his legs during pain episodes and becomes lethargic in between. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a small amount of bloody, mucous stool in the diaper. What is the most likely diagnosis
Intussusception
Which lab value is most concerning in an infant with fever and a suspected bacterial infection?
A. Creactive protein of 11.5 mg/L (Correct) B. Lymphocyte count of 8.7 C. Platelet count of 475 D. White blood cell count of 14
The parent of a schoolage child reports that the child is on a glutenfree diet. When questioned about the reason for this diet, the parent states that the child has fewer stomach aches since beginning the diet but has never been diagnosed with celiac disease. The parent reports using glutenfree grain products for all family members. The nurse practitioner will tell this parent that glutenfree diets
may be deficient in essential nutrients.
A 3yearold child whose immunizations are uptodate has been exposed to measles because of a localized outbreak among unvaccinated children. The parent reports that contact with infected children occurred within the last 2 days at a birthday party. What is the best course of action
Administer the MMR vaccine to help prevent disease.
A 12monthold infant exhibits poor weight gain after previously normal growth patterns. There is no history of vomiting, diarrhea, or irregular bowel movements, and the physical exam is normal. What is the next step in evaluating these findings
Feeding and stooling history and 3day diet history
A schoolage child has recurrent diarrhea with foulsmelling stools, excessive flatus, abdominal distension, and failuretothrive. A 2week lactosefree trial failed to reduce symptoms. What is the next step in diagnosing this condition
Serologic testing for celiac disease
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner has a cohort of patients who have special health care needs. Which is an important role of the nurse practitioner when caring for these children
Care coordination and collaboration
The parent of a 2monthold infant is reluctant to have the baby vaccinated. What is an initial step in responding to these concerns
Question the parent’s reasons for concern about immunizations.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a 5yearold child who presents with pallor and obtains labs revealing a hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL and a hematocrit of 31%. How will the nurse practitioner manage this patient?
Prescribe elemental iron and recheck labs in 1 month
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a newborn who is breastfeeding and notes the presence of an ankyloglossia. What will the nurse practitioner do next
Ask the mother if the infant has any feeding difficulties.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a breastfed 6monthold infant who asks about “babyled weaning.” What will the nurse practitioner tell her about this practice
“Infants are given soft, mashable table foods when able to selffeed.”
A schoolage child has a 3month history of dull, aching epigastric pain that worsens with eating and awakens the child from sleep. A complete blood count shows a hemoglobin of 8 mg/dL. What is the next step in management?
Referral for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3yearold child whose parents report is a picky eater in spite of their continued efforts to provide nutritious meals. The parents ask whether a multivitamin is necessary. How will the nurse practitioner respond
Ask the parents to provide a 3day food diary.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is managing care for a child diagnosed with irondeficiency anemia who had an initial hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dL and hematocrit of 32% who has been receiving ferrous sulfate as 3 mg/kg/day of elemental iron for 4 weeks. The child’s current lab work reveals elevations in Hgb/Hct and reticulocytes with a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL and a hematocrit of 36%. What is the next step in management of this patient?
Continue the current dose of ferrous sulfate and recheck labs in 1 to 2 months
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 5yearold child who has had recurrent fevers, bone pain, and a recent loss of weight. The physical exam reveals scattered petechiae, lymphadenopathy, and bruising. A complete blood count shows thrombocytopenia, anemia, and an elevated white cell blood count. The nurse practitioner will refer this child to a specialist for
bone marrow biopsy.
A 3yearold child who attends day care has had a fever, nausea, and vomiting several weeks prior and now has darkened urine and constipation along with hepatomegaly and right upper quadrant tenderness. What treatment is warranted for this child?
Supportive care
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 9monthold infant whose hearing is normal but who responds to verbal cues with only single syllable vocalizations. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to the parents to improve speech and language skills in this infant
Read simple board books to the infant at bedtime.
A 2monthold infant will receive initial immunizations, and the parent asks about giving medications to increase the infant’s comfort and minimize fever. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner recommend
Administering ibuprofen or acetaminophen as needed
A toddler who presents with anemia and reticulocytopenia has a history of a gradual decrease in energy and increase in pallor beginning after a recent viral infection. How will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner treat this child?
Closely observe the child’s symptoms and lab values.
The mother of a nursing infant expresses concern about whether highcholesterol foods will increase her infant’s risk of hyperlipidemia. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell her?
Maternal dietary cholesterol intake does not affect the infant’s serum cholesterol values.
A child whose family has been camping in a region with endemic Lyme disease suffered several tick bites. The parents report removing the ticks but are not able to or the length of time the ticks were attached. The child is asymptomatic. What is the action
Teach the parents which signs and symptoms to report.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination on a 9monthold infant and notes two central incisors on the lower gums. The parent states that the infant nurses, takes solid foods three times daily, and occasionally takes water from a cup. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner counsel the parent to promote optimum dental health
To make an appointment for an initial dental examination
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner conducts a well baby exam on an infant and notes mild gross motor delays but no delays in other areas. Which initial course of action will the nurse practitioner recommend?
Teach the parents to provide exercises to encourage motor development
he primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is reviewing medical records for a newborn that is new to the clinic. The toddler’s mother was found to be HIV positive during her pregnancy with this child and received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. The child was born by cesarean section, begun on antiretroviral prophylaxis, and did not breastfeed. What is the correct management for this child
Consult with a pediatric HIV specialist