module 26 (done)

Question 1

parts of pharynx

Answer 1

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 2

nasopharynx

Answer 2

connected to nasal cavity, contains auditory tube!! also contain pharyngeal tonsils (aka adenoid) psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 3

oropharynx

Answer 3

air and food pathway. turns into stratified squamous epithelium. contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils.

Question 4

laryngopharynx

Answer 4

food and air. stratified squamous epithelium. moves to larynx and esophagus.

Question 5

deglutition

Answer 5

another word for swallowing, 4-8 seconds for semisolid food, 1 sec for soft food

Question 6

three stages of deglutition

Answer 6

voluntary phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase. ANS controls second two phases.

Question 7

cartilaginous epiglottis doesnt fold correctly (food goes down the wrong tube)

Answer 7

food went down the trachea, coughing forces it up. cartilaginous epiglottis doesnt fold correctly to block the glottis.

Question 8

voluntary phase

Answer 8

you control when you swallow food. tongue moves upward and back, pushes bolus to the back of oral cavity.

Question 9

pharyngeal phase

Answer 9

stimulation of receptors in the oropharynx sends impulses to the deglutition center (a collection of neurons that controls swallowing) in the medulla oblongata. Impulses are then sent back to the uvula and soft palate, causing them to move upward and close off the nasopharynx. deglutition apnea takes place, which means that breathing ceases for a very brief time. Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter then allows food to enter the esophagus

Question 10

The Esophageal Phase

Answer 10

initiation of peristalsis. neuromuscular actions are controlled by the medulla oblongata.

Question 11

larynx

Answer 11

right below the hyoid bone
epiglotis –> closes off the opening to the larynx
thyroid cartilage (largest)
laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)
cricoid cartilage (ring)
other three small ones: arytenoids, corniculates & cuneiforms (produce speech)

Question 12

muscles that attach to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 12

thyrohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

Question 13

paired cartilages of larynx

Answer 13

arytenoids, corniculates & cuneiforms

Question 14

unpaired cartilages of larynx

Answer 14

thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis

Question 15

glottis

Answer 15

area between the vocal folds

Question 16

vestibular folds

Answer 16

false vocal cords, folded sections of mucous membrane

Question 17

vocal folds

Answer 17

vocal cords, white, attached to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of larynx. males have larger vocal folds.

Question 18

epithelium of larynx

Answer 18

superior portion - lined with stratified squamous epithelium
transitions to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w goblet cells
cilia beat the mucus upward towards the laryngopharynx, where it can be swallowed down the esophagus.

Question 19

three diff nasal conchae

Answer 19

superior, middle and inferior… warm and moisturize air that comes in nose

Question 20

above nasal bone

Answer 20

frontal bone

Question 21

below nasal bone

Answer 21

maxillary bones

Question 22

alar cartilage

Answer 22

apex of nose

Question 23

nasal septum

Answer 23

separates right and left nasal cavity

Question 24

behind nose separating it

Answer 24

perpendicular plate ethmoid bone

Question 25

vomer bone

Answer 25

posterior to nose

Question 26

floor of nasal cavity bones

Answer 26

maxillary and palatine bone

Question 27

posterior wall of nose

Answer 27

sphenoid bone

Question 28

nasal meatuses

Answer 28

superior, middle and inferior

Question 29

what do paranasal sinuses do

Answer 29

air-filled spaces within bones of skull, lines with nasal mucosa

Question 30

types of paranasal sinuses

Answer 30

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid air cells

Question 31

olfactory receptor neurons

Answer 31

located in small region superior nasal cavity

Question 32

olfactory epithelium

Answer 32

contains bipolar sensory neurons

Question 33

olfactory hairs / cilia

Answer 33

sensory neuron dendrites

Question 34

cribriform plate foramina

Answer 34

of ethmoid bone. interconnect nasal cavity and anterior cranial fossa. (crib) where olfactory nerve (CN 1) passes through. first bed we sleep in? a crib

Question 35

olfactory tract

Answer 35

second neuron travels on the inferior aspect of the frontal lobe

Question 36

primary olfactory cortex

Answer 36

processes olfactory information and give us conscious experience of smell

Question 37

is nasal septum made of cartilage, bone, or both?

Answer 37

both!

Question 38

nasal conchae are bones. which nasal conchae is its own bone?

Answer 38

inferior nasal conchae

Question 39

NALT

Answer 39

Nasal Associated Lymphatic tissue - Adenoid tonsils found in the back of the nose

Question 40

types of mucosa in nasal cavity

Answer 40

1. olfactory mucosa (olfactory receptor cells), 2. squamous mucosa (external nares and nostrils), 3. respiratory mucosa (condition the air)

Question 41

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 41

sinuses all lead to the nose! mucous lining warm air and protection air filled, reduce weight add resonance to voice

Question 42

olfactory epithelium

Answer 42

mucus layer traps odorants hair cells detect molecules, and relay signal through neuron

Question 43

olfactory bulbs sit on

Answer 43

cribriform plate on ethmoid bone --> olfactory nerve strong connection to lymbic system only sensory pathway that bypasses thalamus

Question 44

epithelium of oropharynx

Answer 44

stratified squamous

Question 45

epithelium of laryngopharynx

Answer 45

stratified squamous

Question 46

epithelium of nasopharynx

Answer 46

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 47

levator veli palatini

Answer 47

closes off nasopharynx during contraction to inhibit food or water moving into nasal cavity

Question 48

tensor veli palatini

Answer 48

opens auditory tubes to allow equalization of pressures around tympanic membrane

Question 49

pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 49

play major role in swallowing reflex --> leads to esophogeal phase

Question 50

decrease pitch of sound produced by vocal folds

Answer 50

decrease cord tension and increase cord length

Question 51

T or F: olfactory nerves are readily regenerated throughout adulthood

Answer 51

True

Question 52

biggest sinus

Answer 52

maxillary sinus

Question 53

muscles of pharynx: constrictors

Answer 53

1. superior pharyngeal constrictor 2. medial pharyngeal constrictor 3. inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 54

muscles of pharynx: elevators

Answer 54

elevate pharynx when swallow 1. stylopharyngeus muscle 2. palatopharyngeus muscle 3. salpingopharyngeus muscle