Module 2: Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What is a wound?

A

Any disruption of the layers of the skin and underlying tissues

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2
Q

What are 6 different varieties of WOUNDS?

A
  • Pressure
  • Venous
  • Arterial
  • Diabetic or Neuropathic
  • Incisional dehiscence
  • Trauma (includes superficial tear)
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3
Q

The 3 layers of the skin are…

A

…EPIDERMIS, DERMIS and SUBQ

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4
Q

What is considered a SUPERFICIAL WOUND?

A

A WOUND of the EPIDERMIS and/or DERMIS

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5
Q

Through what process does a SUPERFICIAL WOUND heal?

A

RE-EPITHELIALIZATION

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6
Q

T or F:

WOUNDS of the EPIDERMIS and/or DERMIS take longer to heal than those involving the SUBQ tissue

A

F, SUBQ takes longer

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7
Q

Through what process are WOUNDS beyond the DERMIS healed?

A

SCAR-FORMATION

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8
Q

What are the 3 intentions by which WOUNDS are healed?

A

1) PRIMARY INTENTION
2) SECONDARY INTENTION
3) TERTIARY INTENTION

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9
Q

Explain PRIMARY INTENTION

A

Wounds that are surgically closed or approx. by

sutures/staples

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10
Q

Explain SECONDARY INTENTION

A

Wounds that have been left open to heal by scar tissue formation

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11
Q

Explain TERTIARY

A

Wounds that are intentionally opened for a while, then closed surgically at a later date (treated for infection before surgical closure).

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12
Q

What is the number 1 type of WOUND that you will see in acute care?

A

SECONDARY INTENTION

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13
Q

What are 5 examples of SECONDARY WOUNDS?

A
  • Pressure
  • Venous
  • Arterial
  • Diabetic or Neuropathic
  • Surgical dehiscence
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14
Q

“The healing process” is also known as..?

A

EPITHELIALIZATION

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15
Q

What are the 4 trajectories of healing

A

1) HEMOSTASIS
2) INFLM
3) PROLIFERATION
4) REMODELLING

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16
Q

What will happen to the WOUND if it does not go through all 4 of the trajectory stages?

A

It will not close

17
Q

Does HEMOSTASIS happen quickly or slowly?

A

Quickly, stat after bleeding begins

18
Q

What does a FIBRIN CLOT do?

A

Seals off the bleed

19
Q

What 2 substances are important for the formation of a CLOT?

A

1) CALCIUM

2) VIT K

20
Q

What might cause a failure to CLOT?

A
  • Certain meds (anticoagulants)

- Low PLATELET count

21
Q

When does INFLM occur?

A

After bleeding is controlled, can last up to 4 days

22
Q

What is the focus during the INFLM stage?

A

To clean the WOUND bed by breaking down bacteria, foreign debris and damaged tissue

23
Q

4 characteristics of INFLM:

A

1) ERYTHEMA (redness)
2) INDURATION (excess of fibrous elements in tissue)
3) Heat
4) Pain

24
Q

What factors delay INFLM?

know 3 or 4

A
  • Steroid meds
  • chemotherapy
  • advanced age
  • diabetes mellitus
  • necrotic tissue in wound bed
  • foreign bodies
  • wound infection
25
What factors prolong INFLM? | know at least 3
- Repeated pressure - trauma - presence of necrotic tissue - uncontrolled infection - foreign bodies (ex: staples).
26
When does PROLIFERATION start? What is the duration?
Starts after INFLM - 4 days, continues until 21 days
27
What happens during PROLIFERATION?
Growth and regeneration of cells, edges of the WOUND begin to contract
28
What effect does malnutrition have on healing?
It prolongs healing d/t lack of nutrients
29
How long can REMODELLING take?
up to 2 years after closure of the WOUND
30
What is the role of COLLAGEN is REMODELLING?
It strengthens the WOUND
31
Why is a WOUND susceptible to further damage, even after its been closed?
Because SCAR TISSUE is only 80% as strong as normal tissue
32
What factors pose the most risk to further damage on an old WOUND?
Pressure and trauma